{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:31:48Z","timestamp":1792171908813,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund Fiscal","award":["TUFF 100\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUFF 100\/2566"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund Fiscal","award":["2\/23\/2562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/23\/2562"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund Fiscal","award":["6\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/2564"]}]},{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["TUFF 100\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUFF 100\/2566"]}]},{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["2\/23\/2562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/23\/2562"]}]},{"name":"National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)","award":["6\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/2564"]}]},{"name":"Thammasat University","award":["TUFF 100\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUFF 100\/2566"]}]},{"name":"Thammasat University","award":["2\/23\/2562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/23\/2562"]}]},{"name":"Thammasat University","award":["6\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/2564"]}]},{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine","award":["TUFF 100\/2566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUFF 100\/2566"]}]},{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine","award":["2\/23\/2562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/23\/2562"]}]},{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine","award":["6\/2564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6\/2564"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is marked by the progressive miniaturization of hair follicles (HFs) and hair thinning, driven by a decline in the progenitor cells critical for hair regeneration. Despite this, the mechanisms responsible for progenitor cell depletion remain largely unclear. To investigate transcriptional alterations in the progenitor cell regions of AGA patients while maintaining the spatial tissue context, we employed the GeoMX Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) platform, which enables a precise comparison with healthy controls. Our analysis revealed the significant upregulation of genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and the epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT), including FN1, TWIST1, and TGFB2 in the progenitor cell region of the HFs. Correspondingly, protein expression data confirmed increased levels of the protein products of these genes in the affected areas, underscoring their roles in the disease\u2019s progression. These molecular changes suggest an environment conducive to the EMT, potentially contributing to the loss of progenitor cells and indicating a fibrogenic shift within the HF microenvironment. Additionally, our study highlights the influence of peri-infundibular immune cell infiltration on these molecular changes, suggesting that immune-mediated microinflammation may contribute to the fibrogenic environment and progenitor cell loss in the AGA. These findings demonstrate the utility of spatial transcriptomics in identifying potential therapeutic targets and advancing our understanding of AGA\u2019s molecular mechanisms, offering avenues for developing targeted treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T05:52:47Z","timestamp":1750139567000},"page":"5792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Progenitor Cell Dynamics in Androgenetic Alopecia: Insights from Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sasin","family":"Charoensuksira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyaporn","family":"Surinlert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Research Unit in Synthesis and Applications of Graphene, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aungkana","family":"Krajarng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thararat","family":"Nualsanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4648-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Witchuda","family":"Payuhakrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"},{"name":"Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pimchanok","family":"Panpinyaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilunplus","family":"Khumsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5070-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilai","family":"Thanasarnaksorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3432-7090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atchima","family":"Suwanchinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7376-9393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suradej","family":"Hongeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6599-2301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saranyoo","family":"Ponnikorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand"},{"name":"Thammasat University, Pattaya Campus, Bang Lamung 20150, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14694","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14694","article-title":"Meta-analysis identifies novel risk loci and yields systematic insights into the biology of male-pattern baldness","volume":"8","author":"Herold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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