{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:25:17Z","timestamp":1760059517320,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Center, Poland","award":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15\/B\/NZ5\/O3572"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe kinds of uterine inflammation in animals cause reproductive and economic problems. Although there are changes in prostaglandin (PG) production and noradrenergic uterine innervation during endometritis, the role of noradrenaline (NA) and adrenoreceptors (ARs) in PGF2\u03b1 formation is not yet fully understood. To recognize noradrenergic control of the PGF2\u03b1 generation on the cellular level during endometritis, the action of NA as well as \u03b11-, \u03b12- and \u03b2-ARs on protein abundances of PGF synthase (PGFS) and PG 9-ketoreductase\/carbonyl reductase (CBR1) in the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-influenced pig endometrial epithelial cells and PGF2\u03b1 release from these cells were studied. The epithelial cells were exposed to LPS and NA alone; LPS with NA; LPS with agonists of \u03b11-, \u03b12- and \u03b2-Ars; LPS with antagonists of \u03b21-, \u03b22- and \u03b23-ARs with NA; and LPS with antagonists of \u03b21-, \u03b22- and \u03b23-ARs in combinations with agonists of \u03b21-, \u03b22-, and \u03b23-ARs for 24 h. PGFS and CBR1 protein abundances in cells were determined by Western blotting and PGF2\u03b1 medium content by ELISA. LPS alone increased CBR1 protein abundance and PGF2\u03b1 release by epithelial cells in reference to the control value. NA alone exerted a stimulatory effect on PGFS and CBR1 protein abundances and PGF2\u03b1 secretion. After the exposure of cells to LPS with NA together, CBR1 protein abundance, as well as PGF2\u03b1 release, was higher than in response to LPS and NA alone. PGFS protein abundance was increased by LPS with NA together compared to LPS action alone. In LPS-exposed endometrial epithelial cells, NA acting by \u03b22- and \u03b23-ARs leads to a rise in CBR1 protein abundance and PGF2\u03b1 secretion. \u03b22-ARs also participate in the NA excitatory effect on PGFS protein abundance. The NA effect on all the parameters tested is not mediated by \u03b11- and \u03b12-ARs. \u03b22- and \u03b23-ARs mediate the stimulatory effect of NA on PGF2\u03b1 generation and secretion by the LPS-exposed pig endometrial epithelial cells. The results suggest that these cells may be a significant source of PGF2\u03b1 under noradrenergic stimulation in the inflamed endometrium, and NA affects processes controlled by PGF2\u03b1 during endometritis in an indirect manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T06:11:07Z","timestamp":1750313467000},"page":"5874","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Noradrenaline and Adrenoreceptors Promote Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 Generation in Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Endometrial Epithelial Cells of Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6508-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Jana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 18 Tryli\u0144skiego St., 10-683 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Ca\u0142ka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 13 Oczapowskiego St., 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"M\u00f3wi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, 18 Tryli\u0144skiego St., 10-683 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheong, S.H., S\u00e1 Filho, O.G., Absalon-Medina, V.A., Schneider, A., Butler, W.R., and Gilbert, R.O. 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