{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:54:50Z","timestamp":1785459290576,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a prevalent and persistent human pathogen belonging to the family Herpesviridae and classified as an alpha-herpesvirus. It comprises two distinct types, HSV-1 and HSV-2, which together infect a significant portion of the global population and pose substantial public health challenges. HSV-1 is typically associated with oral herpes, while HSV-2 primarily causes genital herpes; both are characterized by recurrent lesions, latent infection, and mucocutaneous discomfort. Conventional antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and its derivatives are limited by drug resistance, potential toxicity, and their inability to eradicate latent viral reservoirs. These limitations have prompted increasing interest in alternative therapeutic strategies. Phenolic acids and tannins, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, have attracted considerable attention due to their potent antiviral properties against various viruses, including HSV. This review summarizes current research on phenolic acids and tannins as promising natural antivirals against HSV, with a focus on their mechanisms of action and efficacy in disrupting multiple stages of the HSV life cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26135932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T11:23:24Z","timestamp":1750418604000},"page":"5932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mechanistic Perspectives on Herpes Simplex Virus Inhibition by Phenolic Acids and Tannins: Interference with the Herpesvirus Life Cycle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3922-2738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherif T. S.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53488-0.00011-0","article-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus","volume":"Volume 123","author":"Widener","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.11.009","article-title":"Herpesviruses and Their Host Cells: A Successful Liaison","volume":"25","author":"Adler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13234","article-title":"The Controversial Natural History of Oral Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection","volume":"25","author":"Petti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01336.x","article-title":"Herpes Simplex Virus Infection, with Particular Reference to the Progression and Complications of Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis","volume":"12","author":"Kolokotronis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. 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