{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:23Z","timestamp":1787028563810,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Grant Agency (VEGA) of the Ministry of Education, Slovak Republic","award":["2\/0054\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0054\/22"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Grant Agency (VEGA) of the Ministry of Education, Slovak Republic","award":["APVV-23-0261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0261"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV","award":["2\/0054\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0054\/22"]}]},{"name":"Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV","award":["APVV-23-0261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0261"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wild fruits are distributed worldwide, but are consumed mainly in developing countries, where they are an important part of the diet. Still, in many other countries, they are consumed only locally. Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) is an underutilized species rich in fibres and phenolic compounds, making it suitable as a potential functional food for supporting human health. Cold (Cw) and hot (Hw) water-extracted (poly)phenolic polysaccharide\u2013protein complexes, differing in carbohydrate, phenolic and protein contents, were isolated from blackthorn fruits and characterized. The complexes exhibited molecular weights of 235,200 g\/mol (Cw) and 218,400 g\/mol (Hw), and were rich in pectic polymers containing galacturonic acid, arabinose, galactose and rhamnose, indicating a dominance of homogalacturonan (HG) [\u21924)-\u03b1-D-GalA(1\u21924)-\u03b1-D-GalA(1\u2192]n and a low content of RGI [\u21922)-\u03b1-L-Rha(1\u21924)-\u03b1-D-GalA(1\u21922)-\u03b1-L-Rha(1\u2192]n sequences associated with arabinan or arabinogalactan. Minor content of glucan, probably starch-derived, was also solubilized. Pectic polysaccharides were highly esterified and partly acetylated. Pharmacological testing was performed in male Dunkin\u2013Hartley guinea pigs, a model with human-like airway reflexes. Both complexes affected airway defense mechanisms. Particularly, Hw significantly suppressed citric acid-induced cough, similar to codeine, and reduced bronchoconstriction comparably to salbutamol in a dose-dependent manner. These findings support further exploration of Hw as a natural antitussive and bronchodilatory agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26135993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1750669724000},"page":"5993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacological Effect of Water-Extractable (Poly)Phenolic Polysaccharide\u2013Protein Complexes from Prunus spinosa L. Wild Fruits"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"\u0160utovsk\u00e1","family":"Martina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mal\u00e1 Hora 11161\/4B, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslava","family":"Molitorisov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mal\u00e1 Hora 11161\/4B, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozef","family":"Ma\u017eerik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mal\u00e1 Hora 11161\/4B, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iveta","family":"Uhliarikov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Capek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, D\u00fabravsk\u00e1 cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., de Rigo, D., Caudullo, G., Houston Durrant, T., and Mauri, A. 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