{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T00:37:33Z","timestamp":1785803853092,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The parathyroid and thymus glands are key components of the endocrine and immune systems, respectively, with intriguing developmental, anatomical, and functional interrelationships. This study starts from the hypothesis that, given their shared embryological origin, it is plausible that the thymus and parathyroid glands interact functionally and may share pathological pathways. The present study explores the developmental pathways, spatial proximity, and potential cross-talk between these glands. Recent studies suggest that parathyroid hormone (PTH) may influence thymic function, including T-cell maturation and immune regulation, while thymic signaling molecules could impact calcium homeostasis and parathyroid activity. Understanding the functional and etiopathogenical relations between these endocrine glands offers new insights into endocrine\u2013immunological crosstalk, and therapeutic approaches targeting disorders such as hypoparathyroidism, thymomas, myasthenia gravis and thymic hypoplasia. Perspectives and conclusion: Future research is essential to discover the molecular mechanisms underpinning this dynamic interrelation and its broader implications for health and disease. Because there is still very little data on this interaction, in-depth studies are necessary on large groups of patients. This research proposes a cross-study of the receptors for the main substances secreted by the two categories of endocrine glands. At the same time, it is essential to carry out an in-depth study on the cervico-pericardial ligaments through the lens of this glandular interaction. These ligaments could contain the main blood and nerve communication pathway between the parathyroids and the glands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1750669724000},"page":"6000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perspectives on the Parathyroid\u2013Thymus Interconnection\u2014A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4760-0200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Paula","family":"Com\u0103nescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otilia","family":"Boi\u0219teanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9856-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"H\u00eenganu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius Valeriu","family":"H\u00eenganu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Grigorovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Grigorovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T.Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115 Ia\u0219i, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marra, F., Lunetti, P., Curcio, R., Lasorsa, F.M., Capobianco, L., Porcelli, V., Dolce, V., Fiermonte, G., and Scarcia, P. 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