{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:58:59Z","timestamp":1790996339928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Singapore Ministry of Health\u2019s National Medical Research Council","award":["MOH-OFLCG18May-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-OFLCG18May-0002"]}]},{"name":"Singapore Ministry of Health\u2019s National Medical Research Council","award":["MOH-CSAINV21-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-CSAINV21-0005"]}]},{"name":"Singapore Ministry of Health\u2019s National Medical Research Council","award":["CNIG22jul-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNIG22jul-0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The SNCA gene, encoding alpha-synuclein, is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), with several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to increased risk. This study systematically evaluated the association between common SNCA polymorphisms and PD through a meta-analysis of cohort and case\u2013control studies published before 20 November 2023. Eligible studies were identified via comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated under allelic, dominant, and recessive models. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Twenty-seven studies were included. SNP rs11931074 showed consistent associations with PD across all models, with low heterogeneity and no evidence of publication bias. rs356219 and rs356165 were also significantly associated with PD, although regional differences contributed to heterogeneity. In contrast, rs2583988 showed marginal significance in the allelic model, which was lost after sensitivity analyses. No associations were found under dominant or recessive models for this SNP. These findings confirm rs11931074 as a robust PD risk variant and support the roles of rs356219 and rs356165 while suggesting weaker evidence for rs2583988. Large, multi-ethnic studies are warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms and support precision medicine in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1750669724000},"page":"6001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Common SNCA Genetic Variants and Parkinson\u2019s Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5226-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raziyeh","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Shirazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayedeh Fatemeh","family":"Sadat-Madani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Zachary","family":"Yeo Cheng Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Holdings (MOHH), Singapore 139691, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2945-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrine Lee","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayne Y.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Majid","family":"Hashemi Fard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0173-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Y. E.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline S. L.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis C. S.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Ehsan","family":"Saffari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.6.661","article-title":"Collaborative analysis of alpha-synuclein gene promoter variability and Parkinson disease","volume":"296","author":"Maraganore","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.030","article-title":"Polygenic determinants of Parkinson\u2019s disease in a Chinese population","volume":"36","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. 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