{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:00:52Z","timestamp":1787508052766,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. It is generally accepted that IBD is characterized by an inappropriate immune response to the intestinal microbiome in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite the available treatment options ranging from salicylates and corticosteroids, to immunosuppressants and biologics, there is still a high unmet medical need for patients who respond poorly to drugs or are not able to tolerate them. Microbiome-based therapeutics offer a valid treatment strategy for IBD with enhanced safety. A butyrate-producing consortium of six commensal strains (MH002) was evaluated in a series of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments mimicking multiple IBD-related dysfunctions, namely disrupted intestinal permeability and immune activation. MH002 rapidly produced high levels of butyrate in fed-batch cultures, and significantly increased butyrate levels within one day after administration to IBD-derived gut microbial communities in vitro. Both in Caco-2\/peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultures, and IBD patients-derived organoids and colonic explants, MH002 reduced inflammation and restored epithelial barrier integrity. In addition, MH002 promoted wound repair in vitro. Finally, MH002 protected mice and rats from chemically induced colitis. Altogether, results showed that MH002 presents a novel therapeutic avenue for the treatment of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T03:33:25Z","timestamp":1750995205000},"page":"6167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["MH002, a Novel Butyrate-Producing Consortium of Six Commensal Bacterial Strains Has Immune-Modulatory and Mucosal-Healing Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3098-4445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRM Health NV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selin","family":"Bolca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRM Health NV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lien","family":"Van den Bossche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRM Health NV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4204-5027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiebe","family":"Vanhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRM Health NV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Van Ryckeghem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRM Health NV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1509-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Gottardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRM Health NV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debby","family":"Laukens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Research Unit, Ghent Gut Inflammation Group (GGIG), Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6893-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Possemiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRM Health NV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00551","article-title":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Genetics, Epigenetics, and Pathogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Loddo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.10.020","article-title":"Understanding and Preventing the Global Increase of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"152","author":"Kaplan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0528","article-title":"Mechanisms of disease: Pathogenesis of Crohn\u2019s disease and ulcerative colitis","volume":"3","author":"Sartor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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