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Over the years, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), a relationship commonly referred to as the \u201cmicrobiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis\u201d. In particular, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the brain has been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of various CNS disorders. Phages, or bacteriophages, viruses that specifically infect bacteria, constitute the most abundant viral component within the gut microbiota. However, despite their abundance and significance in the gut microbial community, studies exploring the relationship between phages and the CNS remain surprisingly limited. This review examines the biological interplay between gut-resident phages and the CNS. Furthermore, we discuss the current literature linking phages to CNS-related pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T03:33:25Z","timestamp":1750995205000},"page":"6183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Phage-Microbiota Crosstalk: Implications for Central Nervous System Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Valentina","family":"Salari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0365-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Parrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"Departmental Faculty of Medicine, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mengoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2147-2010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds","family":"Cintra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6031-5130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9644-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo Francesco","family":"Fabene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Innovation Biomedicine, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20160510","article-title":"Introduction to the Human Gut Microbiota","volume":"474","author":"Thursby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. 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