{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:26Z","timestamp":1787028566129,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatobiliary diseases, which include disorders of the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts, remain a major global health concern. A significant proportion of deaths worldwide are attributed to hepatic diseases, accounting for 4% of the total global mortality in 2023. Among benign hepatobiliary diseases, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is the most prevalent liver pathology, with a concerning rise in incidence, while it is recognized as the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States. However, there is a notable rise over time in cases of autoimmune hepatobiliary disorders, including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Meanwhile, hepatocellular carcinoma still remains the most frequently diagnosed hepatobiliary malignancy, constituting the third leading cause of malignancy-related mortality globally. Meanwhile, cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer are the second and third most common hepatobiliary malignancies, respectively, both exhibiting highly aggressive malignant behavior. Despite the notable advances in biomarkers and the development of therapeutic tools, early diagnosis and monitoring are considered pivotal for the management of the aforementioned pathologies. The development of new non-invasive biomarkers that can effectively identify, monitor these pathologies, and guide their management is considered a necessity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute nanoparticles with several embedded cargoes, with a significant role in intercellular communication, which are considered promising biomarkers in several diseases, including viral, metabolic, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. In this review, we will shed light on the role of EVs as novel frontiers in hepatobiliary diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T06:56:54Z","timestamp":1751353014000},"page":"6333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatobiliary Diseases: An Overview of Their Interplay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0080-9032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni Myrto","family":"Trifylli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GI-Liver Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens \u201cHippocratio\u201d, 114 Vas Sofias, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotirios P.","family":"Fortis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3915-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasios G.","family":"Kriebardis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8702-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal MedicinWe, 401 General Military Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Koustas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, General Hospital Evangelismos, 10676 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5848-7905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Sarantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spilios","family":"Manolakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI-Liver Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens \u201cHippocratio\u201d, 114 Vas Sofias, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3410-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI-Liver Unit, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens \u201cHippocratio\u201d, 114 Vas Sofias, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02072-z","article-title":"Liver diseases: Epidemiology, causes, trends and predictions","volume":"10","author":"Gan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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