{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T19:23:32Z","timestamp":1784057012893,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":398,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000691","name":"Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SGL027\/1011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGL027\/1011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000691","name":"Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LX22NPO5102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union \u2013 Next Generation EU","award":["SGL027\/1011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGL027\/1011"]}]},{"name":"European Union \u2013 Next Generation EU","award":["LX22NPO5102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LX22NPO5102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and is associated with poor prognosis. Despite years of research and improvements in chemotherapy regimens, the 5-year survival rate of PDAC remains dismal. Therapies for PDAC often face resistance owing in large part to an extensive desmoplastic stromal matrix. Modelling PDAC ex vivo to investigate novel therapeutics is challenging due to the complex tumour microenvironment and its heterogeneity in native tumours. Development of novel therapies is needed to improve PDAC survival rates, for which disease models that recapitulate the tumour biology are expected to bear utility. This review focuses on the existing preclinical models for human PDAC and discusses advancements in tissue remodelling to guide translational PDAC research. Further emphasis is placed on photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to the ability of this treatment modality to not only directly kill cancer cells by minimally invasive means, but also to perturb the tumour microenvironment and elicit a post-therapeutic anti-tumour immune response. Accordingly, more complex preclinical models that feature multiple biologically relevant PDAC components are needed to develop translatable PDT regimens in a preclinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:35:52Z","timestamp":1751517352000},"page":"6388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Biomimetic Tumour Model Systems for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Relation to Photodynamic Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James\u2019s University Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1236-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Lintern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James\u2019s University Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0137-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara M.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6011-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6870-6788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Vymetalkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1050-650X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jai","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineered Therapeutics Group, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James\u2019s University Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Jayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James\u2019s University Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Heger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China"},{"name":"Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6571-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yazan S.","family":"Khaled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St. James\u2019s University Teaching Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-019-0195-y","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intra-tumoral heterogeneity and malignant progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"29","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0245-4","article-title":"Role of oncogenic KRAS in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer","volume":"17","author":"Buscail","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1809775","article-title":"FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"379","author":"Conroy","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0112-1","article-title":"Optimizing the outcomes of pancreatic cancer surgery","volume":"16","author":"Strobel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.279201","article-title":"Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and long-term outcomes among patients with resected pancreatic cancer: The CONKO-001 randomized trial","volume":"310","author":"Oettle","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001731","article-title":"Pancreatic Cancer Surgery: The New R-status Counts","volume":"265","author":"Strobel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10842","article-title":"Validation of at least 1 mm as cut-off for resection margins for pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body and tail","volume":"105","author":"Hank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-103847","article-title":"Quantitative perfusion analysis in pancreatic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US): A promising tool for the differentiation between autoimmune pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer","volume":"53","author":"Vitali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Z. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Fu, Y., Chen, Q., Wu, J., Gao, W., Jiang, K., Miao, Y., and Wei, J. (2018). Predictors of distant metastasis on exploration in patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer. BMC Gastroenterol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0891-y"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02274","article-title":"Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Versus Immediate Surgery for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Results of the Dutch Randomized Phase III PREOPANC Trial","volume":"38","author":"Versteijne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dangi-Garimella, S., Sahai, V., Ebine, K., Kumar, K., and Munshi, H.G. (2013). Three-dimensional collagen I promotes gemcitabine resistance in vitro in pancreatic cancer cells through HMGA2-dependent histone acetyltransferase expression. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064566"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.01.014","article-title":"Simultaneous inhibition of hedgehog signaling and tumor proliferation remodels stroma and enhances pancreatic cancer therapy","volume":"159","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2022.08.015","article-title":"Establishment of a human 3D pancreatic adenocarcinoma model based on a patient-derived extracellular matrix scaffold","volume":"253","author":"Sensi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-023-02653-w","article-title":"Newly developed 3D in vitro models to study tumor-immune interaction","volume":"42","author":"Mu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13663","article-title":"Photodynamic Stromal Depletion Enhances Therapeutic Nanoparticle Delivery in 3D Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Models","volume":"99","author":"Karimnia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lintern, N., Smith, A.M., Jayne, D.G., and Khaled, Y.S. (2023). Photodynamic Stromal Depletion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15164135"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo.2016.03.03","article-title":"Targeting stromal microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Controversies and promises","volume":"7","author":"Mei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6609","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802336R","article-title":"Integrin alpha11 in pancreatic stellate cells regulates tumor stroma interaction in pancreatic cancer","volume":"33","author":"Schnittert","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2019.01.001","article-title":"Targeting Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Cancer","volume":"5","author":"Schnittert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, W., Pasca di Magliano, M., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Stromal Crosstalk-Mediated Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.682217"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.02.057","article-title":"Prevailing over T cell exhaustion: New developments in the immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer","volume":"381","author":"Bauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-01048-4","article-title":"Cytotoxic CD8","volume":"124","author":"Raskov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2018.08.018","article-title":"Role of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in immunotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Tormoen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58649","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10765","article-title":"Angiogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A controversial issue","volume":"7","author":"Longo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138290","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138290","article-title":"Microdissected pancreatic cancer proteomes reveal tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic targets","volume":"5","author":"Mantini","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-018-0718-5","article-title":"Analysis of dynamic molecular networks for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, Y., Pu, K., Zheng, K., Ma, X., Qin, J., Jiang, L., and Li, J. (2019). Differentially Expressed microRNAs in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 Pancreas Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines are Involved in Cancer Stem Cell Regulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184473"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.2401","article-title":"Arsenic trioxide and Erlotinib loaded in RGD-modified nanoliposomes for targeted combination delivery to PC3 and PANC-1 cell lines","volume":"70","author":"Khosravani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malinda, R.R., Zeeberg, K., Sharku, P.C., Ludwig, M.Q., Pedersen, L.B., Christensen, S.T., and Pedersen, S.F. (2020). TGF\u03b2 Signaling Increases Net Acid Extrusion, Proliferation and Invasion in Panc-1 Pancreatic Cancer Cells: SMAD4 Dependence and Link to Merlin\/NF2 Signaling. Front. Oncol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00687"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.01.072","article-title":"Reprogramming tumor stroma using an endogenous lipid lipoxin A4 to treat pancreatic cancer","volume":"420","author":"Schnittert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16396","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7651","article-title":"MicroRNA-199a and -214 as potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic tumor","volume":"7","author":"Kuninty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunti, S., Hoke, A.T.K., Vu, K.P., and London, N.R. (2021). Organoid and Spheroid Tumor Models: Techniques and Applications. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13040874"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2021.101623","article-title":"Exosomes secreted from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth by transferring miR-100-5p","volume":"73","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.21037\/apc-20-29","article-title":"Modeling human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for translational research: Current options, challenges, and prospective directions","volume":"3","author":"Suri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Pancreat. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4651","article-title":"Preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"238","author":"Hwang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audero, M.M., Carvalho, T.M.A., Ruffinatti, F.A., Loeck, T., Yassine, M., Chinigo, G., Folcher, A., Farfariello, V., Amadori, S., and Vaghi, C. (2023). Acidic Growth Conditions Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition to Select More Aggressive PDAC Cell Phenotypes In Vitro. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15092572"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2020.10.009","article-title":"3D In Vitro Model (R)evolution: Unveiling Tumor-Stroma Interactions","volume":"7","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-0002","article-title":"The Interplay between Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Cancer Therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Prakash","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Longati, P., Jia, X., Eimer, J., Wagman, A., Witt, M.R., Rehnmark, S., Verbeke, C., Toftg\u00e5rd, R., L\u00f6hr, M., and Heuchel, R.L. (2013). 3D pancreatic carcinoma spheroids induce a matrix-rich, chemoresistant phenotype offering a better model for drug testing. BMC Cancer, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-95"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S316707","article-title":"Extra Cellular Matrix Deposition and Assembly in Dermis Spheroids","volume":"14","author":"Rescigno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ncube, K.N., Jurgens, T., Steenkamp, V., Cromarty, A.D., van den Bout, I., and Cordier, W. (2023). Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin in BT-20 Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Monolayer and Spheroid Cultures. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051484"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nkune, N.W., Simelane, N.W.N., Montaseri, H., and Abrahamse, H. (2021). Photodynamic Therapy-Mediated Immune Responses in Three-Dimensional Tumor Models. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312618"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, M., Alix, C., Bouakaz, A., Serriere, S., and Escoffre, J.M. (2023). Tumor Spheroids as Model to Design Acoustically Mediated Drug Therapies: A Review. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15030806"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilazieva, Z., Ponomarev, A., Rutland, C., Rizvanov, A., and Solovyeva, V. (2020). Promising Applications of Tumor Spheroids and Organoids for Personalized Medicine. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12102727"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuntze, A., Goetsch, O., Fels, B., Najder, K., Unger, A., Wilhelmi, M., Sargin, S., Schimmelpfennig, S., Neumann, I., and Schwab, A. (2020). Protonation of Piezo1 Impairs Cell-Matrix Interactions of Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Front. Physiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00089"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.08.041","article-title":"Generation of an in vitro 3D PDAC stroma rich spheroid model","volume":"108","author":"Ware","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, K.-H., and Kim, T.-H. (2021). Recent Advances in Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Generation for Drug Screening. Biosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11110445"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dufau, I., Frongia, C., Sicard, F., Dedieu, L., Cordelier, P., Ausseil, F., Ducommun, B., and Valette, A. (2012). Multicellular tumor spheroid model to evaluate spatio-temporal dynamics effect of chemotherapeutics: Application to the gemcitabine\/CHK1 inhibitor combination in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-15"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maietta, I., Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez, A., \u00c1lvarez, R., De Lera, \u00c1.R., Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, \u00c1., and Sim\u00f3n-V\u00e1zquez, R. (2022). Synergistic Antitumoral Effect of Epigenetic Inhibitors and Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15070824"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., He, R., Dong, S., and Zhou, W. (2023). Pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic cancer: As potential targets for future therapy. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1185093"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, L.P., Gaspar, V.M., Mendes, L., Duarte, I.F., and Mano, J.F. (2021). Organotypic 3D decellularized matrix tumor spheroids for high-throughput drug screening. Biomaterials, 275.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120983"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scalise, M., Marino, F., Salerno, L., Cianflone, E., Molinaro, C., Salerno, N., De Angelis, A., Viglietto, G., Urbanek, K., and Torella, D. (2021). From Spheroids to Organoids: The Next Generation of Model Systems of Human Cardiac Regeneration in a Dish. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413180"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-013-9410-z","article-title":"Apico-basal polarity complex and cancer","volume":"39","author":"Khursheed","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, S., McOlash, L., Palen, K., Johnson, B., Duris, C., Yang, Q., Dwinell, M.B., Hunt, B., Evans, D.B., and Gershan, J. (2018). Development of primary human pancreatic cancer organoids, matched stromal and immune cells and 3D tumor microenvironment models. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-4238-4"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.226092","article-title":"Stromal biology and therapy in pancreatic cancer","volume":"60","author":"Neesse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinkawa, T., Ohuchida, K., and Nakamura, M. (2022). Heterogeneity of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14163994"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157644","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI157644","article-title":"KRAS mutant-driven SUMOylation controls extracellular vesicle transmission to trigger lymphangiogenesis in pancreatic cancer","volume":"132","author":"Luo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/cjp2.192","article-title":"Immune cell infiltrates as prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"McGuigan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pathol. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-022-00941-1","article-title":"Stroma-targeting strategies in pancreatic cancer: A double-edged sword","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stouten, I., van Montfoort, N., and Hawinkels, L.J.A.C. (2023). The Tango between Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and Immune Cells in Affecting Immunotherapy Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24108707"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maneshi, P., Mason, J., Dongre, M., and Oehlund, D. (2021). Targeting Tumor-Stromal Interactions in Pancreatic Cancer: Impact of Collagens and Mechanical Traits. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.787485"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyazaki, Y., Oda, T., Inagaki, Y., Kushige, H., Saito, Y., Mori, N., Takayama, Y., Kumagai, Y., Mitsuyama, T., and Kida, Y.S. (2021). Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts in a stroma-rich xenograft model. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84058-3"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1225-9","article-title":"Multiplex quantitative analysis of stroma-mediated cancer cell invasion, matrix remodeling, and drug response in a 3D co-culture model of pancreatic tumor spheroids and stellate cells","volume":"38","author":"Hwang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12257","article-title":"Advances in 3D cell culture technologies enabling tissue-like structures to be created in vitro","volume":"227","author":"Knight","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-017-0654-6","article-title":"Microfluidic co-culture of pancreatic tumor spheroids with stellate cells as a novel 3D model for investigation of stroma-mediated cell motility and drug resistance","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang, S.D., Song, J., Kim, H.A., Im, C.N., Khawar, I.A., Park, J.K., and Kuh, H.J. (2021). Anti-Cancer Activity Profiling of Chemotherapeutic Agents in 3D Co-Cultures of Pancreatic Tumor Spheroids with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Macrophages. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13235955"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kpeglo, D., Hughes, M.D.G., Dougan, L., Haddrick, M., Knowles, M.A., Evans, S.D., and Peyman, S.A. (2022). Modeling the mechanical stiffness of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Matrix Biol. Plus, 14.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbplus.2022.100109"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12143","article-title":"\u03b1-Smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, in association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lymphogenesis, is a critical prognostic parameter in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaszak, I., Witkowska-Pi\u0142aszewicz, O., Niewiadomska, Z., Dworecka-Kaszak, B., Ngosa Toka, F., and Jurka, P. (2020). Role of Cadherins in Cancer-A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207624"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"1075","article-title":"TP53 upregulates \u03b1-smooth muscle actin expression in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20162024","article-title":"Distinct populations of inflammatory fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer","volume":"214","author":"Biffi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.09.004","article-title":"Tumor stroma-containing 3D spheroid arrays: A tool to study nanoparticle penetration","volume":"244","author":"Priwitaningrum","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax2770","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax2770","article-title":"ITGA5 inhibition in pancreatic stellate cells attenuates desmoplasia and potentiates efficacy of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer","volume":"5","author":"Kuninty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01548F","article-title":"Synthesis, characterisation and evaluation of hyperbranched N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamides for transport and delivery in pancreatic cell lines in vitro and in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Fletcher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.24415","article-title":"Stromal mesenchymal stem cells facilitate pancreatic cancer progression by regulating specific secretory molecules through mutual cellular interaction","volume":"9","author":"Saito","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullah, I., Subbarao, R.B., and Rho, G.J. (2015). Human mesenchymal stem cells\u2014Current trends and future prospective. Biosci. Rep., 35.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20150025"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pednekar, K.P., Heinrich, M.A., van Baarlen, J., and Prakash, J. (2021). Novel 3D microtissues Mimicking the Fibrotic Stroma in Pancreatic Cancer to Study Cellular Interactions and Stroma-Modulating Therapeutics. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13195006"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ammar, N., Hildebrandt, M., Geismann, C., Roder, C., Gemoll, T., Sebens, S., Trauzold, A., and Schafer, H. (2023). Monocarboxylate Transporter-1 (MCT1)-Mediated Lactate Uptake Protects Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells from Oxidative Stress during Glutamine Scarcity Thereby Promoting Resistance against Inhibitors of Glutamine Metabolism. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12101818"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e163022","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.163022","article-title":"Cancer-associated fibroblasts reuse cancer-derived lactate to maintain a fibrotic and immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer","volume":"8","author":"Kitamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, R., Yang, J., Ren, B., Wang, H., Yang, G., Chen, Y., You, L., and Zhao, Y. (2020). Reprogramming of Amino Acid Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies. Front. Oncol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.572722"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.11.021","article-title":"Organoids: An intermediate modeling platform in precision oncology","volume":"414","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"63","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells and their potential for basic and clinical sciences","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1083","article-title":"Patient-Derived Organoid Pharmacotyping Guides Precision Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0335","article-title":"Tumor organoids for cancer research and personalized medicine","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1801621","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801621","article-title":"Growth of Epithelial Organoids in a Defined Hydrogel","volume":"30","author":"Broguiere","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19058-4","article-title":"Automated microfluidic platform for dynamic and combinatorial drug screening of tumor organoids","volume":"11","author":"Schuster","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E48","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10726","article-title":"Patient-derived organoid models help define personalized management of gastrointestinal cancer","volume":"105","author":"Aberle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boucherit, N., Gorvel, L., and Olive, D. (2020). 3D Tumor Models and Their Use for the Testing of Immunotherapies. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.603640"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-18-0531","article-title":"Human Organoids Share Structural and Genetic Features with Primary Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tumors","volume":"17","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26580","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911273116","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate disease and allow personalized drug screening","volume":"116","author":"Driehuis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03703-8","article-title":"Shared extracellular vesicle miRNA profiles of matched ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma organoids and blood plasma samples show the power of organoid technology","volume":"78","author":"Kiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sereti, E., Papapostolou, I., and Dimas, K. (2023). Pancreatic Cancer Organoids: An Emerging Platform for Precision Medicine?. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030890"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holokai, L., Chakrabarti, J., Lundy, J., Croagh, D., Adhikary, P., Richards, S.S., Woodson, C., Steele, N., Kuester, R., and Scott, A. (2020). Murine- and Human-Derived Autologous Organoid\/Immune Cell Co-Cultures as Pre-Clinical Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123816"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5906","article-title":"Detecting drug resistance in pancreatic cancer organoids guides optimized chemotherapy treatment","volume":"257","author":"Hennig","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26059-4","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of patient-derived PDAC organoids reveals cell state heterogeneity and a conserved developmental hierarchy","volume":"12","author":"Krieger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., and Shanti, A. (2021). Effect of Exogenous pH on Cell Growth of Breast Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-260226\/v1"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2016.03.004","article-title":"Modeling pancreatic cancer with organoids","volume":"2","author":"Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3572","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3424","article-title":"Laminin-induced signaling in tumor cells: The role of the M(r) 67,000 laminin receptor","volume":"64","author":"Davidson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-020-0199-8","article-title":"Synthetic alternatives to Matrigel","volume":"5","author":"Aisenbrey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Athukorala, S.S., Tran, T.S., Balu, R., Truong, V.K., Chapman, J., Dutta, N.K., and Roy Choudhury, N. (2021). 3D Printable Electrically Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13030474"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unnikrishnan, K., Thomas, L.V., and Ram Kumar, R.M. (2021). Advancement of Scaffold-Based 3D Cellular Models in Cancer Tissue Engineering: An Update. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.733652"},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"360","article-title":"Tunable hybrid hydrogels with multicellular spheroids for modeling desmoplastic pancreatic cancer","volume":"25","author":"Ermis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, B., Wang, X., Bove, A.M., and Simone, G. (2020). Molecular Bases of VEGFR-2-Mediated Physiological Function and Pathological Role. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.599281"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.12.011","article-title":"Three-dimensional highly porous hydrogel scaffold for neural circuit dissection and modulation","volume":"157","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curvello, R., Kast, V., Abuwarwar, M.H., Fletcher, A.L., Garnier, G., and Loessner, D. (2021). 3D Collagen-Nanocellulose Matrices Model the Tumour Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer. Front. Digit. Health, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2021.704584"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c00491","article-title":"Generation of 3D Spheroids Using a Thiol\u2013Acrylate Hydrogel Scaffold to Study Endocrine Response in ER+ Breast Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"316","article-title":"Hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering: Progress and challenges","volume":"2013","author":"Yacoub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Cardiol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.10.12","article-title":"Engineering hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics","volume":"5","author":"Geckil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dev201120","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201120","article-title":"Human assembloids","volume":"149","author":"Kanton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.71364","article-title":"The role of Jagged1 as a dynamic switch of cancer cell plasticity in PDAC assembloids","volume":"12","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mondadori, C., Crippa, M., Moretti, M., Candrian, C., Lopa, S., and Arrigoni, C. (2020). Advanced Microfluidic Models of Cancer and Immune Cell Extravasation: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00907"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-020-00201-6","article-title":"A microfluidic platform for cultivating ovarian cancer spheroids and testing their responses to chemotherapies","volume":"6","author":"Dadgar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, W., and Park, S. (2018). A Microfluidic Spheroid Culture Device with a Concentration Gradient Generator for High-Throughput Screening of Drug Efficacy. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201811.0608.v1"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1905500","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201905500","article-title":"A Biomimetic Tumor Model of Heterogeneous Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Bradney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1039\/D0LC00738B","article-title":"Endothelial cell polarization and orientation to flow in a novel microfluidic multimodal shear stress generator","volume":"2","author":"Sonmez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beer, M., Kuppalu, N., Stefanini, M., Becker, H., Schulz, I., Manoli, S., Schuette, J., Schmees, C., Casazza, A., and Stelzle, M. (2017). A novel microfluidic 3D platform for culturing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells: Comparison with in vitro cultures and in vivo xenografts. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01256-8"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato, O., Tsuchikawa, T., Kato, T., Amaishi, Y., Okamoto, S., Mineno, J., Takeuchi, Y., Sasaki, K., Nakamura, T., and Umemoto, K. (2023). Tumor Growth Suppression of Pancreatic Cancer Orthotopic Xenograft Model by CEA-Targeting CAR-T Cells. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15030601"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.105723","article-title":"Assessment of stromal SCD-induced drug resistance of PDAC using 3D-printed zPDX model chips","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mallya, K., Gautam, S.K., Aithal, A., Batra, S.K., and Jain, M. (2021). Modeling pancreatic cancer in mice for experimental therapeutics. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer, 1876.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2021.188554"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1391","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab804","article-title":"TISMO: Syngeneic mouse tumor database to model tumor immunity and immunotherapy response","volume":"50","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rovithi, M., Avan, A., Funel, N., Leon, L.G., Gomez, V.E., Wurdinger, T., Griffioen, A.W., Verheul, H.M.W., and Giovannetti, E. (2017). Development of bioluminescent chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models for primary pancreatic cancer cells: A platform for drug testing. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44686"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.1796","article-title":"Relationships between drug activity in NCI preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and early clinical trials","volume":"84","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"4227","article-title":"Clinical Predictive Value of the in Vitro Cell Line, Human Xenograft, and Mouse Allograft Preclinical Cancer Models","volume":"9","author":"Pater","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn481","article-title":"From Human to Mouse and Back: \u201cTumorgraft\u201d Models Surge in Popularity","volume":"101","author":"Garber","year":"2009","journal-title":"JNCI J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"1936","article-title":"Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Blockade with C225 Plus Gemcitabine Results in Regression of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Growing Orthotopically in Nude Mice by Antiangiogenic Mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Bruns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.25.7550","article-title":"Phase III Study Comparing Gemcitabine Plus Cetuximab Versus Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Southwest Oncology Group\u2013Directed Intergroup Trial S0205","volume":"28","author":"Philip","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i8.1173","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors and pancreatic cancer: Are there any promising clinical trials?","volume":"19","author":"Koutsounas","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_129","first-page":"114","article-title":"Lost in translation: Animal models and clinical trials in cancer treatment","volume":"6","author":"Mak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(22)00914-5","article-title":"Patient-derived xenografts and organoids recapitulate castration-resistant prostate cancer with sustained androgen receptor signaling","volume":"174","author":"Tomljanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"18","article-title":"Microarchitectural mimicking of stroma-induced vasculature compression in pancreatic tumors using a 3D engineered model","volume":"22","author":"Heinrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0133","article-title":"Intraductal Transplantation Models of Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveal Progressive Transition of Molecular Subtypes","volume":"10","author":"Miyabayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.12.021","article-title":"Organoid Models of Human and Mouse Ductal Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"160","author":"Boj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171362","article-title":"Inhibition of Hedgehog Signaling Enhances Delivery of Chemotherapy in a Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"324","author":"Olive","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"735","article-title":"Establishment of a mouse model of pancreatic cancer using human pancreatic cancer cell line S2-013-derived organoid","volume":"35","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Cell Off. J. Hum. Cell Res. Soc."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raimondi, G., Mato-Berciano, A., Pascual-Sabater, S., Rovira-Rigau, M., Cuatrecasas, M., Fondevila, C., S\u00e1nchez-Cab\u00fas, S., Begthel, H., Boj, S.F., and Clevers, H. (2020). Patient-derived pancreatic tumour organoids identify therapeutic responses to oncolytic adenoviruses. EBioMedicine, 56.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102786"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41684-024-01357-8","article-title":"Humanized mouse models of drug metabolism","volume":"53","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lab Anim."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.314617.118","article-title":"Roles of the immune system in cancer: From tumor initiation to metastatic progression","volume":"32","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes. Dev."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.017","article-title":"Tumor Evolution and Drug Response in Patient-Derived Organoid Models of Bladder Cancer","volume":"173","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.08.008","article-title":"Culture-Associated DNA Methylation Changes Impact on Cellular Function of Human Intestinal Organoids","volume":"14","author":"Edgar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-023-00433-y","article-title":"The role of organoids in cancer research","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02281-2","article-title":"3D tumor cultures for drug resistance and screening development in clinical applications","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03405-8","article-title":"Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, applications and challenges in cancer research","volume":"20","author":"Abdolahi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004200","article-title":"Patient-derived Organoid Pharmacotyping is a Clinically Tractable Strategy for Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"272","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2022.05.642","article-title":"Development of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Patient Derived Xenografts (PDX) Preclinical Model and Characterization of Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) Expression","volume":"24","author":"Magouliotis","year":"2022","journal-title":"HPB"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b16209","article-title":"Self-Assembled Gemcitabine Prodrug Nanoparticles Show Enhanced Efficacy against Patient-Derived Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.126","article-title":"The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patient-derived xenograft models","volume":"35","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00682-6","article-title":"Towards precision oncology with patient-derived xenografts","volume":"19","author":"Zanella","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.01.016","article-title":"Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Demonstrate Retention of Tumor Morphology through Incorporation of Murine Stromal Elements","volume":"185","author":"Delitto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-019-0829-z","article-title":"Applications of patient-derived tumor xenograft models and tumor organoids","volume":"13","author":"Yoshida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12299","article-title":"Patient-derived xenograft model in colorectal cancer basic and translational research","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Models Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.07.001","article-title":"Humanized Mice for the Study of Immuno-Oncology","volume":"39","author":"Decaudin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2012.61","article-title":"Patient-derived tumour xenografts as models for oncology drug development","volume":"9","author":"Tentler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707305","article-title":"In silico pharmacology for drug discovery: Methods for virtual ligand screening and profiling","volume":"152","author":"Ekins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_155","unstructured":"G\u00fcven, E. (2022). Gene Expression Characteristics of Tumor and Adjacent Non-Tumor Tissues of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) In-Silico. Iran. J. Biotechnol., 20."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-016-1171-9","article-title":"In silico analysis of the transportome in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Zaccagnino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i39.6527","article-title":"Therapeutic resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Current challenges and future opportunities","volume":"27","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-015-9588-7","article-title":"Tumor cell survival pathways activated by photodynamic therapy: A molecular basis for pharmacological inhibition strategies","volume":"34","author":"Broekgaarden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12489","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy for solid tumors: A review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Yanovsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/1011-1344(96)07342-3","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy: A promising new modality for the treatment of cancer","volume":"34","author":"Schuitmaker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, T.E., and Chang, J.E. (2023). Recent Studies in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15092257"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b00043","article-title":"Preparation and Practical Applications of 2\u2032,7\u2032-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein in Redox Assays","volume":"89","author":"Reiniers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2174\/09298673113209990211","article-title":"Development and in vitro proof-of-concept of interstitially targeted zinc-phthalocyanine liposomes for photodynamic therapy","volume":"21","author":"Broekgaarden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, Y.J., Chien, K.Y., Yang, I.F., Lee, I.N., Wu, C.C., Huang, T.Y., and Yu, J.S. (2017). Oxidation of protein-bound methionine in Photofrin-photodynamic therapy-treated human tumor cells explored by methionine-containing peptide enrichment and quantitative proteomics approach. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01409-9"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.01.024","article-title":"Prolonged lipid oxidation after photodynamic treatment. Study with oxidation-sensitive probe C11-BODIPY581\/591","volume":"579","author":"Sakharov","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanamori, T., Kaneko, S., Hamamoto, K., and Yuasa, H. (2023). Mapping the diffusion pattern of (1)O(2) along DNA duplex by guanine photooxidation with an appended biphenyl photosensitizer. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27526-2"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2015.05.002","article-title":"Enhancing photodynamic therapy of refractory solid cancers: Combining second-generation photosensitizers with multi-targeted liposomal delivery","volume":"23","author":"Weijer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. C"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(05)00030-X","article-title":"Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: Part two-cellular signaling, cell metabolism and modes of cell death","volume":"2","author":"Castano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2401-0","article-title":"Multi-OMIC profiling of survival and metabolic signaling networks in cells subjected to photodynamic therapy","volume":"74","author":"Weijer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, L.M., Sharifi, F., de Keijzer, M.J., Mesquita, B., Desclos, E., Kochan, J.A., de Klerk, D.J., Ernst, D., de Haan, L.R., and Franchi, L.P. (2021). Attritional evaluation of lipophilic and hydrophilic metallated phthalocyanines for oncological photodynamic therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 216.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2021.112146"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04851-4","article-title":"Which cell death modality wins the contest for photodynamic therapy of cancer?","volume":"13","author":"Mishchenko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001926","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001926","article-title":"Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: Past, present and future","volume":"9","author":"Alzeibak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0311441","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in oncogenic transformation","volume":"31","author":"Behrend","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39485","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M503296200","article-title":"Mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase expression in ovarian cancer: Role in cell proliferation and response to oxidative stress","volume":"280","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.1957","article-title":"Redox regulation of cell survival","volume":"10","author":"Trachootham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.02.044","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and angiogenesis: NADPH oxidase as target for cancer therapy","volume":"266","author":"Nakamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-006-9037-8","article-title":"The signaling mechanism of ROS in tumor progression","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.02.031","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in tumor metastasis","volume":"266","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arfin, S., Jha, N.K., Jha, S.K., Kesari, K.K., Ruokolainen, J., Roychoudhury, S., Rathi, B., and Kumar, D. (2021). Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Metabolism. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050642"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2803","article-title":"Targeting cancer cells by ROS-mediated mechanisms: A radical therapeutic approach?","volume":"8","author":"Trachootham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6597","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00271D","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weijer, R., Broekgaarden, M., van Golen, R.F., Bulle, E., Nieuwenhuis, E., Jongejan, A., Moerland, P.D., van Kampen, A.H., van Gulik, T.M., and Heger, M. (2015). Low-power photodynamic therapy induces survival signaling in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1994-2"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2021-0304","article-title":"Photodynamic priming with triple-receptor targeted nanoconjugates that trigger T cell-mediated immune responses in a 3D in vitro heterocellular model of pancreatic cancer","volume":"10","author":"Bano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-2703","article-title":"Tumor vascular response to photodynamic therapy and the antivascular agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid: Implications for combination therapy","volume":"11","author":"Seshadri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"023001","DOI":"10.1088\/1612-2011\/10\/2\/023001","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy induced vascular damage: An overview of experimental PDT","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Laser Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bano, S., Alburquerque, J.Q., Roberts, H.J., Pang, S., Huang, H.C., and Hasan, T. (2024). Minocycline and photodynamic priming significantly improve chemotherapy efficacy in heterotypic spheroids of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 255.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2024.112910"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-0515","article-title":"Combination of Photodynamic Therapy and Specific Immunotherapy Efficiently Eradicates Established Tumors","volume":"22","author":"Kleinovink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930380103","article-title":"Hematoporphyrin derivative uptake and photodynamic therapy in pancreatic carcinoma","volume":"38","author":"Schroder","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800790826","article-title":"Selective necrosis in hamster pancreatic tumours using photodynamic therapy with phthalocyanine photosensitization","volume":"79","author":"Chatlani","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.451","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of a transplanted pancreatic cancer model using meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC)","volume":"76","author":"Mikvy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1999.01132.x","article-title":"Human pancreatic carcinoma cells are sensitive to photodynamic therapy in vitro and in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Hajri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002746","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202002746","article-title":"Regulating Glucose Metabolism with Prodrug Nanoparticles for Promoting Photoimmunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A17","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6074.TUMIMM19-A17","article-title":"Abstract A17: Enhanced immune infiltration and antitumor immune reactivity in response to optical priming in pancreatic cancer","volume":"8","author":"Saad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-1700","article-title":"Photodynamic Priming Mitigates Chemotherapeutic Selection Pressures and Improves Drug Delivery","volume":"78","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6490","article-title":"Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor 1 and topoisomerase with acriflavine sensitizes perihilar cholangiocarcinomas to photodynamic therapy","volume":"7","author":"Weijer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-016-1059-0","article-title":"Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 with acriflavine sensitizes hypoxic tumor cells to photodynamic therapy with zinc phthalocyanine-encapsulating cationic liposomes","volume":"9","author":"Broekgaarden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2099-1_19","article-title":"Inhibition of the HIF-1 Survival Pathway as a Strategy to Augment Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy","volume":"2451","author":"Franchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200079","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.202200079","article-title":"Multimodal Therapies against Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Review on Synergistic Approaches toward Ultimate Nanomedicine Treatments","volume":"5","author":"Conte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-0791","article-title":"Vitamin D Receptor Activation and Photodynamic Priming Enables Durable Low-dose Chemotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Anbil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7573","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b00859","article-title":"Impacting Pancreatic Cancer Therapy in Heterotypic in Vitro Organoids and in Vivo Tumors with Specificity-Tuned, NIR-Activable Photoimmunonanoconjugates: Towards Conquering Desmoplasia?","volume":"19","author":"Obaid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2104594","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104594","article-title":"Remediating Desmoplasia with EGFR-Targeted Photoactivable Multi-Inhibitor Liposomes Doubles Overall Survival in Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Obaid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.09.022","article-title":"Spatially confined sub-tumor microenvironments in pancreatic cancer","volume":"184","author":"Grunwald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zqad011","DOI":"10.1093\/function\/zqad011","article-title":"Refining the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer From Big Data to Improved Individual Survival","volume":"4","author":"Bailey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Function"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13339","article-title":"Photodestruction of Stromal Fibroblasts Enhances Tumor Response to PDT in 3D Pancreatic Cancer Coculture Models","volume":"97","author":"Karimnia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, P., Cai, H., Wei, Q., Tang, X., Zhang, Q., Kopytynski, M., Yang, J., Yi, Y., Zhang, H., and Gong, Q. (2021). Enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy of an enzyme-responsive prodrug in bladder cancer patient-derived xenograft models. Biomaterials, 277.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121061"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murayama, T., and Gotoh, N. (2019). Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Breast Cancer and Their Application. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8060621"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chitrangi, S., Vaity, P., Jamdar, A., and Bhatt, S. (2023). Patient-derived organoids for precision oncology: A platform to facilitate clinical decision making. BMC Cancer, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-11078-9"},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bubin, R., Uljanovs, R., and Strumfa, I. (2023). Cancer Stem Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087030"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gurung, P., Lim, J., Shrestha, R., and Kim, Y.W. (2023). Chlorin e6-associated photodynamic therapy enhances abscopal antitumor effects via inhibition of PD-1\/PD-L1 immune checkpoint. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30256-0"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lou, J., Aragaki, M., Bernards, N., Chee, T., Gregor, A., Hiraishi, Y., Ishiwata, T., Leung, C., Ding, L., and Kitazawa, S. (2023). Repeated photodynamic therapy mediates the abscopal effect through multiple innate and adaptive immune responses with and without immune checkpoint therapy. Biomaterials, 292.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121918"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quilbe, A., Morales, O., Baydoun, M., Kumar, A., Mustapha, R., Murakami, T., Leroux, B., de Schutter, C., Thecua, E., and Ziane, L. (2020). An Efficient Photodynamic Therapy Treatment for Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010192"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2020.101876","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy of pancreatic cancer: Where have we come from and where are we going?","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00453","article-title":"Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Murine Models for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"20","author":"Dorst","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5074","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.42441","article-title":"3D approaches to model the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer","volume":"10","author":"Kieler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foglizzo, V., Cocco, E., and Marchio, S. (2022). Advanced Cellular Models for Preclinical Drug Testing: From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14153692"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinto, B., Henriques, A.C., Silva, P.M.A., and Bousbaa, H. (2020). Three-Dimensional Spheroids as In Vitro Preclinical Models for Cancer Research. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12121186"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hubrecht, R.C., and Carter, E. (2019). The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100754"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00260","article-title":"Photoimmunotherapy Retains Its Anti-Tumor Efficacy with Increasing Stromal Content in Heterotypic Pancreatic Cancer Spheroids","volume":"19","author":"Saad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26780","article-title":"Low dose photodynamic therapy harmonizes with radiation therapy to induce beneficial effects on pancreatic heterocellular spheroids","volume":"10","author":"Bulin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broekgaarden, M., Alkhateeb, A., Bano, S., Bulin, A.L., Obaid, G., Rizvi, I., and Hasan, T. (2020). Cabozantinib Inhibits Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Auto- and Paracrine MET Signaling in Heterotypic Pancreatic Microtumors. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12061401"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900758","article-title":"Matrigel: A complex protein mixture required for optimal growth of cell culture","volume":"10","author":"Hughes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21832","article-title":"Advancing science and technology via 3D culture on basement membrane matrix","volume":"221","author":"Benton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2016.73","article-title":"The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Kalluri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.06.001","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Cancer","volume":"38","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043384411","article-title":"Tumor intracellular redox status and drug resistance--serendipity or a causal relationship?","volume":"10","author":"Pervaiz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fob.2015.06.001","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species induce Cox-2 expression via TAK1 activation in synovial fibroblast cells","volume":"5","author":"Onodera","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, S.K., Chen, S.E., and Chang, L.C. (2021). The Role of HO-1 and Its Crosstalk with Oxidative Stress in Cancer Cell Survival. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092401"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontaine, E. (2018). Metformin-Induced Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition: Facts, Uncertainties, and Consequences. Front. Endocrinol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00753"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Haan, L.R., Reiniers, M.J., Reeskamp, L.F., Belkouz, A., Ao, L., Cheng, S., Ding, B., van Golen, R.F., and Heger, M. (2022). Experimental Conditions That Influence the Utility of 2\u20327\u2032-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (DCFH(2)-DA) as a Fluorogenic Biosensor for Mitochondrial Redox Status. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081424"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broekgaarden, M., Bulin, A.L., Frederick, J., Mai, Z., and Hasan, T. (2019). Tracking Photodynamic- and Chemotherapy-Induced Redox-State Perturbations in 3D Culture Models of Pancreatic Cancer: A Tool for Identifying Therapy-Induced Metabolic Changes. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091399"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2099-1_8","article-title":"Generating Large Numbers of Pancreatic Microtumors on Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogels for Quantitative Imaging of Tumor Growth and Photodynamic Therapy Optimization","volume":"2451","author":"Coll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-16-0260","article-title":"ECM Composition and Rheology Regulate Growth, Motility, and Response to Photodynamic Therapy in 3D Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Cramer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13191","article-title":"Modulation of Extracellular Matrix Rigidity Via Riboflavin-mediated Photocrosslinking Regulates Invasive Motility and Treatment Response in a 3D Pancreatic Tumor Model","volume":"96","author":"Jafari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3390\/microarrays4020133","article-title":"3D Cell Culture in Alginate Hydrogels","volume":"4","author":"Andersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microarrays"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13936","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c03022","article-title":"Integrative In Situ Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Cell Death Measurement of 3D-Bioprinted MCF-7 Tumor Spheroids","volume":"94","author":"Abdelrahim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-0710","article-title":"IL1-Induced JAK\/STAT Signaling Is Antagonized by TGFbeta to Shape CAF Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Biffi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09512.x","article-title":"Hollow-spheres: A new model for analyses of differentiation of pancreatic duct epithelial cells","volume":"880","author":"Lehnert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-003-0784-4","article-title":"A comprehensive characterization of pancreatic ductal carcinoma cell lines: Towards the establishment of an in vitro research platform","volume":"442","author":"Sipos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2011.11.013","article-title":"Characterisation of FAP-1 expression and CD95 mediated apoptosis in the A818-6 pancreatic adenocarcinoma differentiation system","volume":"83","author":"Winterhoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(16)30181-5","article-title":"PO-48\u2014Assessment of the procoagulant potential state of tumour-MP in cancer patients","volume":"140","author":"Algarni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb. Res."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, W.T., Lee, J., Kim, H., Nguyen, N.T., Lee, E.S., Oh, K.T., Choi, H.G., and Youn, Y.S. (2021). Photoreactive-proton-generating hyaluronidase\/albumin nanoparticles-loaded PEG-hydrogel enhances antitumor efficacy and disruption of the hyaluronic acid extracellular matrix in AsPC-1 tumors. Mater. Today Bio, 12.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2021.100164"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.10.026","article-title":"ZIP4 Promotes Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Mice with Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors by Stimulating RAB27B-Regulated Release of Extracellular Vesicles From Cancer Cells","volume":"156","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110451","article-title":"Orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer using CD34+ humanized mice and generation of tumor organoids from humanized tumors","volume":"121","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00331","article-title":"Radiolabeling, In Vitro Cell Uptake, and In Vivo Photodynamic Therapy Potential of Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Containing Zinc Phthalocyanine","volume":"17","author":"Er","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.08.041","article-title":"Imaging tumor variation in response to photodynamic therapy in pancreatic cancer xenograft models","volume":"76","author":"Samkoe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, L.S., Jhunjhunwala, M., Hong, S.Y., Yu, L.Y., Lin, W.R., and Chen, C.S. (2021). Tissue Architecture Influences the Biological Effectiveness of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in In Vitro\/In Silico Three-Dimensional Self-Assembly Cell Models of Pancreatic Cancers. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164058"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2016.07.017","article-title":"Impact by pancreatic stellate cells on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pancreatic cancer cell invasion: Adding a third dimension in vitro","volume":"346","author":"Karnevi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2021.1976567","article-title":"Combination of ONC201 and TLY012 induces selective, synergistic apoptosis in vitro and significantly delays PDAC xenograft growth in vivo","volume":"22","author":"Jhaveri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J., Han, S., Thapa Magar, T.B., Gurung, P., Lee, J., Seong, D., Park, S., Kim, Y.W., Jeon, M., and Kim, J. (2024). Efficient Assessment of Tumor Vascular Shutdown by Photodynamic Therapy on Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Using High-Speed Wide-Field Waterproof Galvanometer Scanner Photoacoustic Microscopy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063457"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.047","article-title":"Retinoic acid-induced pancreatic stellate cell quiescence reduces paracrine Wnt-beta-catenin signaling to slow tumor progression","volume":"141","author":"Froeling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34362","article-title":"Lectin-based phototherapy targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer","volume":"152","author":"Kuroda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzing, C., Lam, H., Tsang, C.M., Rimmer, A., Arroyo-Berdugo, Y., Calle, Y., and Wells, C.M. (2019). TIMP-2 secreted by monocyte-like cells is a potent suppressor of invadopodia formation in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6429-z"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shapoval, O., Vetvicka, D., Patsula, V., Engstova, H., Kockova, O., Konefal, M., Kabesova, M., and Horak, D. (2023). Temoporfin-Conjugated Upconversion Nanoparticles for NIR-Induced Photodynamic Therapy: Studies with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15122694"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20100018","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer spheres are more than just aggregates of stem marker-positive cells","volume":"31","author":"Gaviraghi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1212","article-title":"Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) regulates epithelial plasticity in pancreatic cancer progression","volume":"6","author":"Nishino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.03.016","article-title":"Targeted siRNA lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of KRAS-mutant tumors","volume":"357","author":"Anthiya","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.37762","article-title":"Cadherin 13 Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition by Wnt\/beta-Catenin Signaling","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.02.010","article-title":"Viscoelastic stiffening of gelatin hydrogels for dynamic culture of pancreatic cancer spheroids","volume":"177","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hbpd.2021.04.005","article-title":"Topology impacts TRAIL therapy: Differences in primary cancer growth and liver metastasis between orthotopic and subcutaneous xenotransplants of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells","volume":"20","author":"Kettler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-017-2434-2","article-title":"Homogeneous pancreatic cancer spheroids mimic growth pattern of circulating tumor cell clusters and macrometastases: Displaying heterogeneity and crater-like structure on inner layer","volume":"143","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-022-03340-z","article-title":"Different effects of NK cells and NK-derived soluble factors on cell lines derived from primary or metastatic pancreatic cancers","volume":"72","author":"Fiore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13089","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.3c01982","article-title":"Phototoxicity of Tridentate Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complex with Expanded Bite Angles toward Mammalian Cells and Multicellular Tumor Spheroids","volume":"62","author":"Curley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4466","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i18.4466","article-title":"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Characterization in a 3D-cell culture model","volume":"22","author":"Gagliano","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/10611860701453901","article-title":"Magnetic poly epsilon-caprolactone nanoparticles containing Fe3O4 and gemcitabine enhance anti-tumor effect in pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse model","volume":"15","author":"Gang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"ref_265","first-page":"887","article-title":"An orthotopic model of human pancreatic cancer in severe combined immunodeficient mice: Potential application for preclinical studies","volume":"4","author":"Mohammad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.4149\/neo_2021_210226N252","article-title":"Xenogeneic fibroblasts inhibit the growth of the breast and ovarian cancer cell lines in co-culture","volume":"68","author":"Usha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0403-0","article-title":"Silencing of MUC20 suppresses the malignant character of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells through inhibition of the HGF\/MET pathway","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-16-0361","article-title":"CRISPR Knockout of the HuR Gene Causes a Xenograft Lethal Phenotype","volume":"15","author":"Lal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fredebohm, J., Boettcher, M., Eisen, C., Gaida, M.M., Heller, A., Keleg, S., Tost, J., Greulich-Bode, K.M., Hotz-Wagenblatt, A., and Lathrop, M. (2012). Establishment and characterization of a highly tumourigenic and cancer stem cell enriched pancreatic cancer cell line as a well defined model system. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048503"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199801000-00004","article-title":"Establishment of a human pancreatic tumor xenograft model: Potential application for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic agents","volume":"16","author":"Mohammad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-010-0497-0","article-title":"Morphological and cytoskeletal changes of pancreatic cancer cells in three-dimensional spheroidal culture","volume":"43","author":"Matsuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-023-00296-0","article-title":"A niche-mimicking polymer hydrogel-based approach to identify molecular targets for tackling human pancreatic cancer stem cells","volume":"43","author":"Murota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0089-T","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo activity of the low-immunogenic antimesothelin immunotoxin RG7787 in pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Hollevoet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-22-0073","article-title":"Development of Highly Effective Anti-Mesothelin hYP218 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with Increased Tumor Infiltration and Persistence for Treating Solid Tumors","volume":"21","author":"Tomar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1990.tb03336.x","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of human pancreatic cancer cell lines in tissue culture and in nude mice","volume":"81","author":"Ikeda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shichi, Y., Gomi, F., Hasegawa, Y., Nonaka, K., Shinji, S., Takahashi, K., and Ishiwata, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence-based analysis of time-lapse images of sphere formation and process of plate adhesion and spread of pancreatic cancer cells. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1290753"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12602","article-title":"Translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of preclinical and clinical data of the oral MET inhibitor tepotinib to determine the recommended phase II dose","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacomet. Syst. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., and Lovell, J.F. (2021). Two Laser Treatments Can Improve Tumor Ablation Efficiency of Chemophototherapy. Pharmaceutics, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13122183"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00191347","article-title":"New cell lines of gastric and pancreatic cancer: Distinct morphology, growth characteristics, expression of epithelial and immunoregulatory antigens","volume":"426","author":"Heike","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hlavaty, J., Petznek, H., Holzmuller, H., Url, A., Jandl, G., Berger, A., Salmons, B., Gunzburg, W.H., and Renner, M. (2012). Evaluation of a gene-directed enzyme-product therapy (GDEPT) in human pancreatic tumor cells and their use as in vivo models for pancreatic cancer. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040611"},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalinina, T., Gungor, C., Thieltges, S., Moller-Krull, M., Penas, E.M., Wicklein, D., Streichert, T., Schumacher, U., Kalinin, V., and Simon, R. (2010). Establishment and characterization of a new human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line with high metastatic potential to the lung. BMC Cancer, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-295"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001253","article-title":"Development and Biological Analysis of a Novel Orthotopic Peritoneal Dissemination Mouse Model Generated Using a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line","volume":"48","author":"Yanagihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.10.032","article-title":"Molecular determinants of susceptibility to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus in pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"187","author":"Blackham","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-17-0671","article-title":"The Novel Oncolytic Adenoviral Mutant Ad5-3Delta-A20T Retargeted to alphavbeta6 Integrins Efficiently Eliminates Pancreatic Cancer Cells","volume":"17","author":"Man","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.06.037","article-title":"CLDN18.2 BiTE Engages Effector and Regulatory T Cells for Antitumor Immune Response in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer","volume":"165","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3692","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.21.17895","article-title":"Caveolin-1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell differentiation and restores membranous E-cadherin via suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"10","author":"Salem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.1c00284","article-title":"A Green-Absorbing, Red-Fluorescent Phenalenone-Based Photosensitizer as a Theranostic Agent for Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Kaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5246","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i46.5246","article-title":"Effect of photodynamic therapy with (17R,18R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"24","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200110000-00002","article-title":"An orthotopic model of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in severe combined immunodeficient mice representing all steps of the metastatic cascade","volume":"23","author":"Alves","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4069167","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4069167","article-title":"Chlorophyll-Mediated Changes in the Redox Status of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Are Associated with Its Anticancer Effects","volume":"2018","author":"Vankova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2012.1212","article-title":"B7-H3 overexpression in pancreatic cancer promotes tumor progression","volume":"31","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_292","first-page":"369","article-title":"Two new human exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(11)60073-8","article-title":"Expression of CD44, CD24 and ESA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines varies with local microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Dis. Int."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200408000-00009","article-title":"Mechanisms of inhibition of growth of human pancreatic carcinoma implanted in nude mice by somatostatin receptor subtype 2","volume":"29","author":"Kumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.5.12.3466","article-title":"Small interfering RNAs targeting mutant K-ras inhibit human pancreatic carcinoma cells growth in vitro and in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01051.x","article-title":"Vaccination effect of interleukin-6-producing pancreatic cancer cells in nude mice: A model of tumor prevention and treatment in immune-compromised patients","volume":"92","author":"Yano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1996.0383","article-title":"Suppression of pancreatic cancer by the dominant negative ras mutant, N116Y","volume":"66","author":"Shichinohe","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_298","first-page":"761","article-title":"Establishment of a novel human cell line retaining the characteristics of the original pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and evaluation of MEK as a therapeutic target","volume":"56","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-0228","article-title":"Antiproliferative Effects of Monoclonal Antibodies against (Pro)Renin Receptor in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma","volume":"19","author":"Rahman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shichi, Y., Gomi, F., Ueda, Y., Nonaka, K., Hasegawa, F., Hasegawa, Y., Hinata, N., Yoshimura, H., Yamamoto, M., and Takahashi, K. (2022). Multiple cystic sphere formation from PK-8 cells in three-dimensional culture. Biochem. Biophys. Rep., 32.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2022.101339"},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200208000-00001","article-title":"Gene therapy for pancreatic cancer using an adenovirus vector encoding soluble flt-1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor","volume":"25","author":"Hoshida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_302","first-page":"741","article-title":"Identification of a key molecular regulator of liver metastasis in human pancreatic carcinoma using a novel quantitative model of metastasis in NOD\/SCID\/gammacnull (NOG) mice","volume":"31","author":"Suemizu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5212","article-title":"alpha-Mangostin: A dietary antioxidant derived from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. inhibits pancreatic tumor growth in xenograft mouse model","volume":"21","author":"Hafeez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cykowiak, M., Kleszcz, R., Kucinska, M., Paluszczak, J., Szaefer, H., Plewinski, A., Piotrowska-Kempisty, H., Murias, M., and Krajka-Kuzniak, V. (2021). Attenuation of Pancreatic Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo via Modulation of Nrf2 and NF-kappaB Signaling Pathways by Natural Compounds. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123556"},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.11.072","article-title":"Bioengineered tumoral microtissues recapitulate desmoplastic reaction of pancreatic cancer","volume":"49","author":"Brancato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2011.141","article-title":"The oncolytic adenovirus AdDeltaDelta enhances selective cancer cell killing in combination with DNA-damaging drugs in pancreatic cancer models","volume":"18","author":"Cherubini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.08.018","article-title":"The Histone Demethylase KDM3A, Increased in Human Pancreatic Tumors, Regulates Expression of DCLK1 and Promotes Tumorigenesis in Mice","volume":"157","author":"Dandawate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lachowski, D., Matellan, C., Cortes, E., Saiani, A., Miller, A.F., and Del Rio Hernandez, A.E. (2021). Self-Assembling Polypeptide Hydrogels as a Platform to Recapitulate the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133286"},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133561","article-title":"Correlation between spontaneous metastatic potential and type I collagenolytic activity in a human pancreatic cancer cell line (SUIT-2) and sublines","volume":"10","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Metastasis"},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.04559","article-title":"LY293111 improves efficacy of gemcitabine therapy on pancreatic cancer in a fluorescent orthotopic model in athymic mice","volume":"7","author":"Hennig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramer, B., Haan, L., Vermeer, M., Olivier, T., Hankemeier, T., Vulto, P., Joore, J., and Lanz, H.L. (2019). Interstitial Flow Recapitulates Gemcitabine Chemoresistance in A 3D Microfluidic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Model by Induction of Multidrug Resistance Proteins. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184647"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30110","article-title":"Suppression of pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis by HMP19 identified through genome-wide shRNA screen","volume":"139","author":"Kurahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12306","article-title":"Loss of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 participates in metastatic spreading of human pancreatic cancer cells in a mouse orthotopic transplantation model","volume":"105","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.31885","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator is required for the growth, invasion, and angiogenesis of pancreatic tumor cells","volume":"122","author":"Diaz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_315","first-page":"900","article-title":"Lewis antigen-negative pancreatic cancer: An aggressive subgroup","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2008.00896.x","article-title":"Establishment and molecular profiling of a novel human pancreatic cancer panel for 5-FU","volume":"99","author":"Yanagihara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-3180","article-title":"Pirfenidone inhibits pancreatic cancer desmoplasia by regulating stellate cells","volume":"73","author":"Kozono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1159\/000079500","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of a novel human pancreatic cancer cell line (SUIT-4) metastasizing to lymph nodes and lungs in nude mice","volume":"66","author":"Kawano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/jmicro\/dfaa046","article-title":"Three-dimensional culture of a pancreatic cancer cell line, SUIT-58, with air exposure can reflect the intrinsic features of the original tumor through electron microscopy","volume":"70","author":"Takahashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microscopy"},{"key":"ref_320","first-page":"2749","article-title":"Impact of RUNX2 gene silencing on the gemcitabine sensitivity of p53-mutated pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 spheres","volume":"39","author":"Sang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S130799","article-title":"Effects of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide-conjugated quantum dots-induced photodynamic therapy on pancreatic carcinoma in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2316","article-title":"A Novel CDC25B Promoter-Based Oncolytic Adenovirus Inhibited Growth of Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Tumors in Different Preclinical Models","volume":"21","author":"Weber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830215)51:4<662::AID-CNCR2820510419>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing cell line from a human carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas","volume":"51","author":"Okabe","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saxena, S., Purohit, A., Varney, M.L., Hayashi, Y., and Singh, R.K. (2018). Semaphorin-5A maintains epithelial phenotype of malignant pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-018-5204-x"},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefano, E., Cossa, L.G., De Castro, F., De Luca, E., Vergaro, V., My, G., Rovito, G., Migoni, D., Muscella, A., and Marsigliante, S. (2023). Evaluation of the Antitumor Effects of Platinum-Based [Pt(\u03b71-C2H4-OR)(DMSO)(phen)]+ (R = Me, Et) Cationic Organometallic Complexes on Chemoresistant Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Bioinorg. Chem. Appl., 2023.","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5564624"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1159\/000086539","article-title":"Different capabilities of morphological pattern formation and its association with the expression of differentiation markers in a xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer cell lines","volume":"5","author":"Neureiter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_327","first-page":"1","article-title":"Editor\u2019s inaugural issue foreword: Perspectives on translational and clinical research","volume":"1","author":"Heger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00755A","article-title":"Development of a multicellular pancreatic tumor microenvironment system using patient-derived tumor cells","volume":"19","author":"Gioeli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-11-0261","article-title":"Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase by PF-562,271 inhibits the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer concomitant with altering the tumor microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Stokes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walters, D.M., Stokes, J.B., Adair, S.J., Stelow, E.B., Borgman, C.A., Lowrey, B.T., Xin, W., Blais, E.M., Lee, J.K., and Papin, J.A. (2013). Clinical, molecular and genetic validation of a murine orthotopic xenograft model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma using fresh human specimens. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077065"},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2003.22.10.1033","article-title":"Color Doppler sonographic mapping of pulmonary lesions: Evidence of dual arterial supply by spectral analysis","volume":"22","author":"Gorg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound Med."},{"key":"ref_332","first-page":"405","article-title":"Tumor interstitial fluid as modulator of cancer inflammation, thrombosis, immunity and angiogenesis","volume":"32","author":"Baronzio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majumder, S., Islam, M.T., and Righetti, R. (2023). Non-invasive imaging of interstitial fluid transport parameters in solid tumors in vivo. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33651-9"},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2016.05.393","article-title":"Pancreatic stellate cells regulate blood vessel density in the stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Arumugam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1996.14.329","article-title":"Induction of tumor immunity by photodynamic therapy","volume":"14","author":"Korbelik","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1078\/0171-2985-00221","article-title":"The immunological consequences of photodynamic treatment of cancer, a literature review","volume":"207","author":"Aalbers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1039\/b109007k","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy and the immune system in experimental oncology","volume":"1","author":"Canti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1894","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy and anti-tumour immunity","volume":"6","author":"Castano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10501","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1778","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy enhancement of antitumor immunity is regulated by neutrophils","volume":"67","author":"Kousis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600864","article-title":"Role of cytokines in photodynamic therapy-induced local and systemic inflammation","volume":"88","author":"Gollnick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-017-0377-x","article-title":"Combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and anti-tumor immunity in cancer therapy","volume":"48","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Investig."},{"key":"ref_342","first-page":"5647","article-title":"The role of host lymphoid populations in the response of mouse EMT6 tumor to photodynamic therapy","volume":"56","author":"Korbelik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_343","first-page":"1941","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy-mediated immune response against subcutaneous mouse tumors","volume":"59","author":"Korbelik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03330.x","article-title":"Role of the immune system in mediating the antitumor effect of benzophenothiazine photodynamic therapy","volume":"69","author":"Knisely","year":"1999","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602953","article-title":"A green fluorescent protein-expressing murine tumour but not its wild-type counterpart is cured by photodynamic therapy","volume":"94","author":"Castano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01380.x","article-title":"Murine leukemia RL male 1 and sarcoma Meth A antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)","volume":"94","author":"Uenaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19960","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160819960","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-kappaB in Tumor Cells Exacerbates Immune Cell Activation Following Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Broekgaarden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Liao, S., Xiao, Z., Pan, Q., Wang, X., Shen, K., Wang, S., Yang, L., Guo, F., and Liu, H.F. (2022). The development and improvement of immunodeficient mice and humanized immune system mouse models. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1007579"},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partecke, I.L., Kaeding, A., Sendler, M., Albers, N., Kuhn, J.P., Speerforck, S., Roese, S., Seubert, F., Diedrich, S., and Kuehn, S. (2011). In vivo imaging of pancreatic tumours and liver metastases using 7 Tesla MRI in a murine orthotopic pancreatic cancer model and a liver metastases model. BMC Cancer, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-40"},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Courtin, A., Richards, F.M., Bapiro, T.E., Bramhall, J.L., Neesse, A., Cook, N., Krippendorff, B.F., Tuveson, D.A., and Jodrell, D.I. (2013). Anti-tumour efficacy of capecitabine in a genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067330"},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2022.5387","article-title":"Immunomodulatory antitumor effect of interferon-beta combined with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer","volume":"61","author":"Blaauboer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nasiri, E., Student, M., Roth, K., Siti Utami, N., Huber, M., Buchholz, M., Gress, T.M., and Bauer, C. (2023). IL18 Receptor Signaling Inhibits Intratumoral CD8+ T-Cell Migration in a Murine Pancreatic Cancer Model. Cells, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12030456"},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34367","article-title":"Crosstalk between tumor acidosis, p53 and extracellular matrix regulates pancreatic cancer aggressiveness","volume":"152","author":"Czaplinska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-23-0210","article-title":"Intratumoral IL15 Improves Efficacy of Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy","volume":"22","author":"Fukushima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-1126","article-title":"Local Phototherapy Synergizes with Immunoadjuvant for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer through Induced Immunogenic Tumor Vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres, M.P., Rachagani, S., Souchek, J.J., Mallya, K., Johansson, S.L., and Batra, S.K. (2013). Novel pancreatic cancer cell lines derived from genetically engineered mouse models of spontaneous pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Applications in diagnosis and therapy. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080580"},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9180","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.130196697","article-title":"Inhibition of growth and metastatic progression of pancreatic carcinoma in hamster after somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) gene expression and administration of cytotoxic somatostatin analog AN-238","volume":"97","author":"Benali","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/tcm.1770130503","article-title":"Relationship between blood group-A antigen expression and malignant potential in hamster pancreatic cancers","volume":"13","author":"Hirota","year":"1993","journal-title":"Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_359","first-page":"2666","article-title":"Chemotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Initial report on two transplantable models in the Syrian hamster","volume":"42","author":"Chang","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12716","article-title":"Type I and Type II Photosensitized Oxidation Reactions: Guidelines and Mechanistic Pathways","volume":"93","author":"Baptista","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1998.231","article-title":"Reduction of tumour oxygenation during and after photodynamic therapy in vivo: Effects of fluence rate","volume":"77","author":"Sitnik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-008-9106-4","article-title":"Video monitoring of neovessel occlusion induced by photodynamic therapy with verteporfin (Visudyne), in the CAM model","volume":"11","author":"Debefve","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(05)00060-8","article-title":"Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: Part three-Photosensitizer pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction","volume":"2","author":"Castano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.049","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy\u2014Mechanisms, photosensitizers and combinations","volume":"106","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, L.M., de Keijzer, M.J., Ernst, D., Sharifi, F., de Klerk, D.J., Kleijn, T.G., Desclos, E., Kochan, J.A., de Haan, L.R., and Franchi, L.P. (2022). Metallated phthalocyanines and their hydrophilic derivatives for multi-targeted oncological photodynamic therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 234.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2022.112500"},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.07.052","article-title":"Translocator protein-targeted photodynamic therapy for direct and abscopal immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer","volume":"134","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2021-0241","article-title":"Repeated porphyrin lipoprotein-based photodynamic therapy controls distant disease in mouse mesothelioma via the abscopal effect","volume":"10","author":"Lou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25921-9","article-title":"Bioengineered 3D models of human pancreatic cancer recapitulate in vivo tumour biology","volume":"12","author":"Trabulo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Godier, C., Baka, Z., Lamy, L., Gribova, V., Marchal, P., Lavalle, P., Gaffet, E., Bezdetnaya, L., and Alem, H. (2024). A 3D Bio-Printed-Based Model for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Diseases, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12090206"},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, H., Wang, Y., Sun, M., Ke, X., Li, C., Jin, B., Pang, M., Wang, Y., Jiang, S., and Du, L. (2024). Developing Patient-Derived 3D-Bioprinting models of pancreatic cancer. J. Adv. Res., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.09.011"},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-022-00370-6","article-title":"Patient-derived pancreatic cancer-on-a-chip recapitulates the tumor microenvironment","volume":"8","author":"Haque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microsyst. Nanoeng."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00881E","article-title":"PDAC-on-chip for in vitro modeling of stromal and pancreatic cancer cell crosstalk","volume":"11","author":"Sgarminato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goluba, K., Parfejevs, V., Rostoka, E., Jekabsons, K., Blake, I., Neimane, A., Ule, A.A., Rimsa, R., Vangravs, R., and Pcolkins, A. (2024). Personalized PDAC chip with functional endothelial barrier for tumour biomarker detection: A platform for precision medicine applications. Mater. Today Bio, 29.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.101262"},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01334-z","article-title":"A microfluidic-based PDAC organoid system reveals the impact of hypoxia in response to treatment","volume":"9","author":"Geyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumano, K., Nakahashi, H., Louphrasitthiphol, P., Kuroda, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Shimomura, O., Hashimoto, S., Akashi, Y., Mathis, B.J., and Kim, J. (2024). Hypoxia at 3D organoid establishment selects essential subclones within heterogenous pancreatic cancer. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1327772"},{"key":"ref_376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abou Khouzam, R., Lehn, J.M., Mayr, H., Clavien, P.A., Wallace, M.B., Ducreux, M., Limani, P., and Chouaib, S. (2023). Hypoxia, a Targetable Culprit to Counter Pancreatic Cancer Resistance to Therapy. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041235"},{"key":"ref_377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2017.2327","article-title":"Photodynamic Therapy with Liposomal Zinc Phthalocyanine and Tirapazamine Increases Tumor Cell Death via DNA Damage","volume":"13","author":"Broekgaarden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1159\/000477773","article-title":"Tumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma","volume":"85","author":"Cros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"ref_379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2023.02.005","article-title":"Tumor heterogeneity: An oncogenic driver of PDAC progression and therapy resistance under stress conditions","volume":"159","author":"Palma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-022-02448-x","article-title":"The roles of intratumour heterogeneity in the biology and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"41","author":"Evan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.05.011","article-title":"Crossing borders: A systematic review with quantitative analysis of genetic mutations of carcinomas of the biliary tract","volume":"140","author":"Roos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.20","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma\u2014Controversies and challenges","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-0310-z","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: The next horizon in mechanisms and management","volume":"17","author":"Banales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2099-1_20","article-title":"Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response","volume":"2451","author":"Dias","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12604","article-title":"Optimizing nanomedicine pharmacokinetics using physiologically based pharmacokinetics modelling","volume":"171","author":"Moss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.112.044925","article-title":"Nano-advantage in enhanced drug delivery with biodegradable nanoparticles: Contribution of reduced clearance","volume":"40","author":"Kadam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102261","article-title":"Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nanocarriers in vivo and their influences","volume":"284","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid. Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3268","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-21-372","article-title":"Comparison of tumor angiogenesis in subcutaneous and orthotopic LNCaP mouse models using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50740","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.50740","article-title":"Preclinical murine tumor models: A structural and functional perspective","volume":"9","author":"Guerin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fung, A.S., Lee, C., Yu, M., and Tannock, I.F. (2015). The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on tumor vasculature in subcutaneous and orthotopic human tumor xenografts. BMC Cancer, 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1091-6"},{"key":"ref_391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Bosman, E.D.C., Smith, O.M., Lintern, N., de Klerk, D.J., Sun, H., Cheng, S., Pan, W., Storm, G., and Khaled, Y.S. (2024). Comparative analysis of whole cell-derived vesicular delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 254.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2024.112903"},{"key":"ref_392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.10036","article-title":"Quantitative fluorescence of 5-FU-treated fetal rat limbs using confocal laser scanning microscopy and Lysotracker Red","volume":"53","author":"Price","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cytom. A"},{"key":"ref_393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13485","article-title":"LysoTracker and MitoTracker Red are transport substrates of P-glycoprotein: Implications for anticancer drug design evading multidrug resistance","volume":"22","author":"Zhitomirsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2009.02.006","article-title":"On the interaction of fluorophore-encapsulating PEGylated lecithin liposomes with hamster and human platelets","volume":"78","author":"Heger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.11.3.1","article-title":"Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation in prostate cancer: Direct STAT3 inhibition induces apoptosis in prostate cancer lines","volume":"3","author":"Barton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reiniers, M.J., de Haan, L.R., Reeskamp, L.F., Broekgaarden, M., van Golen, R.F., and Heger, M. (2021). Analysis and Optimization of Conditions for the Use of 2\u2032,7\u2032-Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate in Cultured Hepatocytes. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10050674"},{"key":"ref_397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2004.08.011","article-title":"The vascular response to photodynamic therapy with ATX-S10Na(II) in the normal rat colon","volume":"79","author":"Harada","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"ref_398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki, T., Tanaka, M., Sasaki, M., Ichikawa, H., Nishie, H., and Kataoka, H. (2020). Vascular Shutdown by Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium. Cancers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12092369"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/13\/6388\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:03:20Z","timestamp":1760033000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/13\/6388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":398,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26136388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26136388","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]}}}