{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:55:42Z","timestamp":1767707742108,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian MUR\/PRIN 2022 LS2","award":["D.M. 970 30.06.2023","CUP G53D2300147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D.M. 970 30.06.2023","CUP G53D2300147"]}]},{"name":"JANUS\u2014The double face of hypoxia in health and disease","award":["D.M. 970 30.06.2023","CUP G53D2300147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D.M. 970 30.06.2023","CUP G53D2300147"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In patients with respiratory diseases, a panel of markers is often used to assess disease severity and progression. Here we test whether the serum lipid signature may surge as a reliable alternative marker to monitor systemic hypoxia, a frequent unfavourable outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). We recruited 9 healthy controls, 10 COPD patients, and 10 ARDS patients. Various markers related to inflammation, redox imbalance, and iron handling were measured alongside lipid profiles obtained through untargeted lipidomic analysis. The results show that serum lipids were moderately lower in COPD patients and significantly reduced in ARDS patients compared to the controls. Six lipid classes (cholesteryl esters, coenzyme Q, phosphatidylinositol, sterols, hexosylceramides, and phosphatidylethanolamine) exhibited significant changes (ANOVA p &lt; 0.05) and correlated with the Horowitz index (P\/F), suggesting their potential as markers of hypoxia severity. While conventional markers also correlated with P\/F, the lipid signature was more specific and reliable. This study highlights that hypoxia in pulmonary diseases depresses circulating lipids, with certain lipid classes offering more precise predictions of hypoxia severity. Expanding this research to larger populations could support the lipid signature as a clinical tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T06:01:33Z","timestamp":1751522493000},"page":"6405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hypoxic Status in COPD and ARDS Patients: Impact on Lipid Signature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0352-2819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camillo","family":"Morano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9476-8208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldijana","family":"Sadikovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7359-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Dei Cas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3999-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocco Francesco","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2008-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Duca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9620-1883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico Maria","family":"Rubino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Mondoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Unit, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Chiumello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Structure of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2988-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Ottolenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Emergency, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20172 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0705-340X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Samaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Paroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20145 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duca, L., Ottolenghi, S., Coppola, S., Rinaldo, R., Cas, M.D., Rubino, F.M., Paroni, R., Samaja, M., Chiumello, D.A., and Motta, I. 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