{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:29:00Z","timestamp":1791386940186,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Statistical data demonstrate a concurrent rise in smoking prevalence and mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, which may be attributed to contemporary lifestyle factors, including social media and recent global events. This indicates a potential correlation between these trends, as individuals with mental disorders may engage in smoking as a form of self-medication to alleviate anxiety. However, smoking is harmful and increases the risk of many diseases. Therefore, smoking cessation strategies are increasingly being considered. Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in plants that makes smoking so addictive. Unfortunately, the public\u2019s lack of understanding of the effects of nicotine leads to misleading claims in the public and media about its biological effects. Thus, current narrative literature review is focused on the examination of the biological effects of organic nicotine from various angles, considering the psychological aspects of addiction and the immune system. Analysis of recent data showed that nicotine not only causes addiction but also has therapeutic benefits in certain diseases (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia) and has anti-inflammatory properties (autoimmunity, neurodegenerative diseases), and a deeper understanding and a broader approach to its effects is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T03:47:26Z","timestamp":1751600846000},"page":"6437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nicotine from a Different Angle: Biological Effects from a Psychoneuroimmunological Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Liudas Vincentas","family":"Sinkevicius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, 08303 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9261-4805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Sakalauskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maris","family":"Bukovskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1586 Ryga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margus","family":"L\u00f5okene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toompargi Vaimse Tervise Keskus, 10149 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahur","family":"Valvere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Oncology and Hematology, North Estonia Medical Centre, 13419 Tallin, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-8893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigita","family":"Gradauskiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5575-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margus","family":"Viigimaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn University of Technology, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, February 11). 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