{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:43:33Z","timestamp":1792291413156,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":254,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005888","name":"Medical University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["503\/1-062-01\/503-11-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["503\/1-062-01\/503-11-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases of the central nervous system are closely linked to aging and sustained oxidative and inflammatory stress. Polyphenols, plant-derived secondary metabolites, exhibit broad biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, the modulation of pathways such as PI3K\/Akt, MAPK, Nrf2, and CREB, and the regulation of neurogenesis and microglial activation. This review focuses on the cell-specific actions of selected polyphenols in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes within the context of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and multiple sclerosis. A major limitation to the therapeutic use of polyphenols is their poor bioavailability, due to instability, low solubility, and limited blood\u2013brain barrier penetration. Liposomal nanocarriers are explored as promising delivery systems to overcome these barriers. Both conventional and functionalized liposomes (e.g., PEGylated, receptor-targeted) are discussed, alongside in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating enhanced efficacy compared to free compounds. Intranasal delivery is also presented as a viable alternative to oral administration. Overall, polyphenols offer great potential as neuroprotective agents, and liposome-based delivery platforms have the potential to significantly enhance their clinical potential, provided that key formulation and targeting issues are addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1751878703000},"page":"6477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Polyphenols in the Central Nervous System: Cellular Effects and Liposomal Delivery Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3086-950X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Kaluza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3366-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Ksiazek-Winiarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0189-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Szpakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8515-3810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Czpakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Fijalkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of Lodz, T. Kosciuszki 4 Avenue, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1305-1494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"Glabinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Schependom, J., and D\u2019haeseleer, M. (2023). Advances in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J. Clin. 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