{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:54:58Z","timestamp":1781898898675,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Igea Clinical Biophysics","award":["R\/IGEA\/Gessi\/02\/23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R\/IGEA\/Gessi\/02\/23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of neurodegenerative dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal loss. Despite advances in pharmacological treatments, current therapies remain limited in efficacy and often induce adverse effects. Increasing evidence highlights oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disrupted neurotrophic signaling as key contributors to AD pathogenesis. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are emerging as a non-invasive, multifactorial approach with promising biological effects. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective potential of PEMFs in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or amyloid-\u03b2 peptide (A\u03b2), both of which model pathological features of AD. PEMF treatment significantly counteracted H2O2- and A\u03b2-induced cytotoxicity by restoring cell viability, reducing reactive oxygen species production, and improving catalase activity. Furthermore, PEMFs preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased caspase-3 activation and chromatin condensation. Mechanistically, PEMFs inhibited ERK phosphorylation and enhanced cAMP levels, CREB phosphorylation, and BDNF expression, pathways known to support neuronal survival and plasticity. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PEMFs modulate multiple stress response systems, promoting neuroprotection under oxidative and amyloidogenic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1751878703000},"page":"6495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["PEMFs Restore Mitochondrial and CREB\/BDNF Signaling in Oxidatively Stressed PC12 Cells Targeting Neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0839-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Merighi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1237-5275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mercedes","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Nigro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Travagli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Caldon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8072-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Salati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Igea Biophysics Laboratory, 41012 Carpi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pier Andrea","family":"Borea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruggero","family":"Cadossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Igea Biophysics Laboratory, 41012 Carpi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-1348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia","family":"Varani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Gessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suresh, S., Singh, S.A., Rushendran, R., Vellapandian, C., and Prajapati, B. 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