{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T03:58:13Z","timestamp":1782359893967,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 1 diabetes is classified into three clinical subtypes: fulminant type 1 diabetes, acute-onset type 1 diabetes, and slowly progressive type 1 diabetes, also known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Among these, the fulminant and slowly progressive forms may develop in association with pregnancy and are herein collectively referred to as \u201cpregnancy-associated type 1 diabetes\u201d. Fulminant type 1 diabetes can manifest suddenly during pregnancy, often accompanied by ketoacidosis, posing a significant risk to both the mother and the fetus. Early diagnosis and treatment are, therefore, critical. In pregnant women with no prior history of diabetes who present with marked hyperglycemia (\u2265288 mg\/dL) but relatively low HbA1c levels (&lt;8.7%), fulminant type 1 diabetes should be suspected, and insulin therapy should be initiated immediately. Conversely, women diagnosed with gestational diabetes who test positive for anti-islet autoantibodies are at high risk of developing slowly progressive type 1 diabetes postpartum. For these patients, regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and endogenous insulin secretion is essential for early detection and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1751878703000},"page":"6499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fulminant and Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes Associated with Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7434-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Thyroid and Endocrine Center, Shin-Koga Hospital, 120 Tenjin-cho, Kurume 830-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0719","article-title":"International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy","volume":"33","author":"Metzger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2025). 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