{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:00:11Z","timestamp":1788188411102,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science","award":["PDI2021-127547-NB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDI2021-127547-NB-C21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aim to provide a translational model to investigate the reproductive consequences of pubertal delay using the GnRH agonist triptorelin in transgender girls, tested in particular on testicular maturation in peripubertal rats. A total of 30 Sprague Dawley rats were utilized, with 10 subjects assigned to each of three groups from day P30 postpartum (prepubertal) until day P95 (postpubertal), mimicking treatment timing in patients. Rats received triptorelin at three time points (P30, P50, and P71), or only at P30 and P50. Control rats were injected with vehicle. Plasma testosterone levels were determined using MRM analysis. Testes and epididymides were examined histologically. There were significantly lower testosterone levels at postnatal day 48 in treated rats, indicating delayed puberty, with further reductions by day 69. By day 93, testosterone levels had recovered in rats given vehicle at P71 but remained low in the triptorelin-continuous group, suggesting the reversibility of the treatment. Treated rats had smaller testes; however, the majority of the testicular parenchyma was unaffected, with most seminiferous tubules displaying complete spermatogenesis. However, focal atrophic changes were observed in 1\u201330% of the parenchyma. One-third of the short-term group and half of the long-term group were classified as atrophic. Despite these changes, all treated rats had mature sperm in the epididymis, ensuring their fertility. In conclusion, triptorelin treatment promotes a decline in testosterone levels accompanied by discrete atrophy of the seminiferous tubules, which is partially reversible and compatible with sperm production and fertility preservation. Triptorelin could be an appropriate treatment prior to estrogen therapy for patients seeking gender transition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T09:12:48Z","timestamp":1751965968000},"page":"6566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The GnRH Agonist Triptorelin Causes Reversible, Focal, and Partial Testicular Atrophy in Rats, Maintaining Sperm Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7639-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Marcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cruz","family":"Rodr\u00edguez del Cerro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7627-1366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology Institute (CICA), DICOMOSA Group, University of A Coru\u00f1a, 15190 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coru\u00f1a (INIBIC), 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0650-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"P\u00e1saro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center for Chemistry and Biology Institute (CICA), DICOMOSA Group, University of A Coru\u00f1a, 15190 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Institute for Biomedical Research of A Coru\u00f1a (INIBIC), 15006 A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8983-6362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Arias-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5141-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"L\u00f3pez-Larrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Peramato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Guillamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychobiology, Universidad Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n a Distancia, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9002-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria P.","family":"De Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Engineering Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"A Contribution to the Study of Gender Identity","volume":"45","author":"Stoller","year":"1964","journal-title":"Int. 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