{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T11:17:08Z","timestamp":1767093428045,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Ciencia y Agenda Digital de la Junta de Extremadura","award":["IB20148","GR21016","GR24103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IB20148","GR21016","GR24103"]}]},{"name":"European Union (Next-Generation EU\/PRTR)","award":["IB20148","GR21016","GR24103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IB20148","GR21016","GR24103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A periplasmic D-malate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (DMCO) was identified in Ectopseudomonas oleovorans CECT5344, utilizing 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT) as an artificial electron acceptor. The assay was adapted for a spectrophotometric or native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis. The DMCO-encoding gene (BN5_4044) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, enabling a partial purification and biochemical characterization. In addition to D-malate, the enzyme oxidizes D-2-hydroxyglutarate and, to a lesser extent, D-lactate, with cytochrome c also serving as an electron acceptor. DMCO requires Zn2+ for activity and exists as a dimer, as determined by gel filtration. The in vitro reconstitution of the electron transfer from D-malate to oxygen was achieved using spheroplasts, enriched periplasmic fractions, and cytochrome c. This extracytoplasmic respiration, unique among homologs of this protein, may eliminate the need for a dedicated inner membrane transporter, thereby avoiding potential upstream respiratory bottlenecks. In the context of bioremediation, and particularly regarding the cyanide metabolism, this D-malate oxidation to oxaloacetate facilitates detoxification by forming the corresponding cyanohydrin, which can be subsequently assimilated for growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T11:58:07Z","timestamp":1751975887000},"page":"6575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characterization of a Periplasmic D-Malate:Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase from Ectopseudomonas oleovorans CECT 5344 and Its Role in Extracytoplasmic Respiration and Cyanide Detoxification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4540-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faustino","family":"Merch\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1790-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana G.","family":"Poblaci\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Guijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9081-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4839-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Morales-Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Alonso-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5324-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3921-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 C\u00e1ceres, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.104.3.1197-1202.1970","article-title":"Metabolism of l-Malate and d-Malate by a Species of Pseudomonas","volume":"104","author":"Hopper","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. 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