{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:04:43Z","timestamp":1792789483109,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Russia-Switzerland Grant-2020","award":["101007642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007642"]}]},{"name":"PhytoAPP EU framework","award":["101007642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007642"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s HORIZON 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk\u0142odowvska-Curie","award":["101007642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101007642"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Experiences of life-threatening stimuli can induce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is associated with long-lasting behavioral and neurochemical abnormalities. Despite its increased global incidence, the current treatment options for PTSD remain limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. As oxidative stress and neuroinflammation contribute to PTSD, the use of powerful antioxidants such as thiamine (B1 vitamin) compounds may counteract disease development. Young C57BL\/6 mice received thiamine or benfotiamine in drinking water (each at a dose of 200 mg\/kg\/day) for 21 days, and for the last five days, they were subjected to rat exposure. Mice were studied for anxiety-like behavior, exploration, locomotion, grooming, social interactions, pain sensitivity, brain changes in protein carbonyl (PC), total glutathione (TG), and gene expression of distress and inflammation markers. Rat exposure induced anxiety-like behavior, excessive grooming, and alteration in locomotion, along with other abnormalities. Stressed, untreated mice had elevated levels of PC and TG in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and striatum and increased expression of Il-1\u03b2, Tnf, c-Fos, Cox-1, and Cox-2. Treatment with thiamine or benfotiamine significantly ameliorated most of these changes in the stressed groups. Thus, thiamine compounds may have therapeutic potential in patients with PTSD, owing to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T12:46:33Z","timestamp":1752237993000},"page":"6627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Thiamine Compounds Alleviate Oxidative Stress, Over-Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Behavioral Abnormalities in a Mouse Predation Model of PTSD"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Strekalova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Research and Education Resource Center, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gorlova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Resource Center, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0127-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Costa-Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0460-4992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Litavrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes P. M.","family":"de Munter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Neuroplast BV, 6222 NK Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei","family":"Lyundup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Resource Center, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksei","family":"Umriukhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7258-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Proshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cognitive Psychophysiology, Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan V.","family":"Kalueff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Biosciences and Bioinformatics, School of Science, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8505-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edna","family":"Gr\u00fcnblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Walitza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22272","article-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in DSM-5 and ICD-11: Clinical and Behavioral Correlates","volume":"31","author":"Hyland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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