{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:11:09Z","timestamp":1789542669059,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 113-2112-M-002-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2112-M-002-024"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 112-2112-M-002-033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2112-M-002-033"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST 110-2112-M-002-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2112-M-002-004"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["MOST 109-2112-M-002-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2112-M-002-004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113-2112-M-002-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2112-M-002-024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2112-M-002-033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2112-M-002-033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2112-M-002-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2112-M-002-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006245","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 109-2112-M-002-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2112-M-002-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1-syn) and phosphorylated-tau protein (p-tau) aggregation, and dopaminergic neuron cell death. Current drug therapies only provide temporary symptomatic relief and fail to stop or reverse disease progression due to the severe side effects or the blood\u2013brain barrier. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of an intermittent heating approach, thermal cycling-hyperthermia (TC-HT), in an in vitro PD model using rotenone (ROT)-induced human neural SH-SY5Y cells. Our results revealed that TC-HT pretreatment conferred neuroprotective effects in the ROT-induced in vitro PD model using human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, including reducing ROT-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and ROS accumulation in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, TC-HT also inhibited the expression of \u03b1-syn and p-tau through heat-activated pathways associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70), involved in protein chaperoning, and resulted in the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 (GSK-3\u03b2), which inhibit p-tau formation. These findings underscore the potential of TC-HT as an effective treatment for PD in vitro, supporting its further investigation in in vivo models with focused ultrasound (FUS) as a feasible heat-delivery approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1752241459000},"page":"6671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thermal Cycling-Hyperthermia Attenuates Rotenone-Induced Cell Injury in SH-SY5Y Cells Through Heat-Activated Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6659-6236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Yi","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9828-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan-Bo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4715-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6023-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsu-Hsiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1150-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang-Tzu","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9792-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yu","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Laboratory for Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Biomedical & Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, Biophysics Division, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001142","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease updates: Addressing the pathophysiology, risk factors, genetics, diagnosis, along with the medical and surgical treatment","volume":"85","author":"Prajjwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. 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