{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:42:47Z","timestamp":1790620967298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is gaining attention as an effective adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment. This study evaluates the potential of LLLT to reduce bacterial load in a clinically relevant in vitro subgingival biofilm model and its impact on the inflammatory response. A subgingival biofilm model consisting of seven bacterial species was established. Primary human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament cells (PDLs) were cultured. Both biofilms and host cells were treated with the DenLase Diode Laser (980 nm) under various clinically relevant settings. The composition and structure of the seven-species biofilms were evaluated using quantitative PCR and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. The inflammatory response in host cells was analyzed by measuring the gene and protein expression levels of various inflammatory mediators. Laser treatment at power outputs ranging from 0.3 to 2 W had no significant effect on biofilm composition or architecture. LLLT, particularly at higher power settings, reduced the viability in both GFs and PDLs up to 70%. Gene expression levels of inflammatory mediators were only minimally influenced by laser treatment. However, LLLT significantly decreased the secretion of all examined cytokines. These findings suggest that LLLT with a 980 nm diode laser, under clinically relevant conditions, exerts anti-inflammatory rather than antimicrobial effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T08:24:17Z","timestamp":1752654257000},"page":"6803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Periodontal Host Cells and a Seven-Species Periodontitis Model Biofilm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3325-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma","family":"Dervisbegovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Natural Sciences and Sustainable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Maierhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3065-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Behm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Rausch-Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division of Conservative Dentistry, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1613-7258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Sch\u00e4ffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Natural Sciences and Sustainable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0485-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleh","family":"Andrukhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2018.04.023","article-title":"Periodontitis in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009\u20132014","volume":"149","author":"Eke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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