{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:49:24Z","timestamp":1787028564716,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exophiala dermatitidis is an emerging black yeast recognized in both superficial and life-threatening infections, including those in immunocompetent hosts. This narrative review focuses on recent developments (mostly between 2019 and 2025) in two major areas. First, we examined the clinical and epidemiological background of E. dermatitidis, with particular focus on its involvement in cystic fibrosis and CARD9 deficiency, as well as central nervous system, ocular, and systemic infections. Second, we address the molecular basis of its pathogenicity, with particular attention to melanin production, capsule formation, and metabolic adaptation. We also discuss diagnostic challenges and antifungal susceptibility, highlighting gaps between laboratory studies and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T08:24:17Z","timestamp":1752654257000},"page":"6804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical and Molecular Advances on the Black Yeast Exophiala dermatitidis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jakub","family":"Suchodolski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0604-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Parol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Pawlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesian Piasts in Wroc\u0142aw, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7791-8379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Piecuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0564-7797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Og\u00f3rek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc\u0142aw, Przybyszewskiego 63-77, 51-148 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/00362176785190211","article-title":"Cerebral mycetoma of trout due to a Phialophora-like fungus","volume":"5","author":"Carmichael","year":"1966","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2019.1596504","article-title":"Exophiala dermatitidis: Key issues of an opportunistic fungal pathogen","volume":"10","author":"Kirchhoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2020.07.004","article-title":"Exophiala campbellii causing a subcutaneous palmar cyst in an otherwise healthy UK resident","volume":"29","author":"Borman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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