{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T21:09:37Z","timestamp":1784840977939,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007835","name":"Silesian University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02\/040\/BK25\/1070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/040\/BK25\/1070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007835","name":"Silesian University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BNW-1-048\/5\/F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-1-048\/5\/F"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland","award":["02\/040\/BK25\/1070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/040\/BK25\/1070"]}]},{"name":"the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland","award":["BNW-1-048\/5\/F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BNW-1-048\/5\/F"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Phenothiazines, mainly known for their antipsychotic activity, have recently attracted attention as potential compounds with anticancer and immunomodulatory activity In this study, 20 new quinobenzothiazines (MJ1\u2013MJ20) were synthesized and their effects on normal cell lines (BEAS-2B, NHDF) and cancer cell lines (HCT116, MCF7, A549, SH-SY5Y, U2OS) were investigated. The studies included cytotoxicity assessment, analysis of the expression of genes (BCL2, AIFM2, MDM2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8) using the RT-qPCR method, and prediction of biological activity using the PASS platform. The results indicate that the compounds MJ19 and MJ20 have the greatest effect on the induction of pro-inflammatory (IL6, IL8) and antiapoptotic (BCL2, MDM2) genes, suggesting their potential use in therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Gene expression analysis showed that compound MJ2 in BEAS-2B cells significantly induced the expression of AIFM2, a protein responsible for protecting against ferroptosis, while moderately increasing the expression of BCL2 and MDM2, suggesting a potential role for MJ2 in the modulation of protective mechanisms of healthy cells, e.g., avoiding apoptosis death. These results emphasize the potential of quinobenzothiazines as multifunctional bioactive compounds, which require further studies to determine their mechanisms of action and specificity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T14:03:51Z","timestamp":1752847431000},"page":"6920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Design, Synthesis, and Testing of 1,2,3-Triazolo-Quinobenzothiazine Hybrids for Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9665-1065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaudia","family":"Giercuszkiewicz-Ha\u015bnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka Street 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego Street 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6263-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Skonieczna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka Street 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"},{"name":"Centre of Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego Street 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5389-1079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Morak-M\u0142odawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiello\u0144ska Street 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4144-990X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Jele\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiello\u0144ska Street 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posso, M.C., Domingues, F.C., Ferreira, S., and Silvestre, S. (2022). Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010276"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2011.01.001","article-title":"Phenothiazine: The Seven Lives of Pharmacology\u2019s First Lead Structure","volume":"16","author":"Ohlow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2174\/138945006778226552","article-title":"Phenothiazine: The Parent Molecule","volume":"7","author":"Mitchell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"5983","article-title":"Possible Biological and Clinical Applications of Phenothiazines","volume":"37","author":"Varga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mjt.0000212897.20458.63","article-title":"Phenothiazine Molecule Provides the Basic Chemical Structure for Various Classes of Pharmacotherapeutic Agents","volume":"13","author":"Mosnaim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.08.045","article-title":"Multiple Non-Psychiatric Effects of Phenothiazines: A Review","volume":"648","author":"Sudeshna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11153","article-title":"The Anticancer Activity of the Old Neuroleptic Phenothiazine-Type Drug Thioridazine","volume":"36","author":"Spengler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"118","article-title":"Thioridazine: An Old Neuroleptic Effective against Totally Drug Resistant Tuberculosis","volume":"25","author":"Amaral","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Med. Port."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-1534-z","article-title":"Repurposing Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Analysis of Literature and Forthcoming Steps","volume":"39","author":"Abbruzzese","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grobs, Y., Awada, C., Lemay, S.-E., Romanet, C., Bourgeois, A., Toro, V., Nadeau, V., Shimauchi, K., Orcholski, M., and Breuils-Bonnet, S. (2021). Preclinical Investigation of Trifluoperazine as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062919"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e1cz, B., and Spengler, G. (2023). Repurposing Antidepressants and Phenothiazine Antipsychotics as Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12010137"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duarte, D., and Vale, N. (2022). Antipsychotic Drug Fluphenazine against Human Cancer Cells. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101360"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cibotaru, S., Sandu, A.-I., Nicolescu, A., and Marin, L. (2023). Antitumor Activity of PEGylated and TEGylated Phenothiazine Derivatives: Structure\u2013Activity Relationship. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065449"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2023.135700","article-title":"Anticancer Activities of Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexacyclic Phenothiazines Modified with Quinoline Moiety","volume":"1287","author":"Korlacki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.7b00615","article-title":"Diazaphenoxazines and Diazaphenothiazines: Synthesis of the \u201cCorrect\u201d Isomers Reveals They Are Highly Reactive Radical-Trapping Antioxidants","volume":"19","author":"Haidasz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushwaha, K., Buchanan, D., Nkosi, A., Jangra, J., Kumar, R., Singh, S.K., Jain, S.C., and Panda, S.S. (2025). Azaphenothiazine Conjugates: A New Class of Antimicrobial Compounds. Chem. Biodivers., 22.","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202403338"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"18347","article-title":"Antifungal Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Broad-Spectrum Phenothiazines","volume":"10","author":"Brosend","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"784","article-title":"New Insight into the SAR of Pyrimido [4,5-b][1,4] Benzothiazines as 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibitors","volume":"16","author":"Pooryaghoobi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2013.01.021","article-title":"N-Substituted Quinoxalinobenzothiazine\/Iodonium Salt Systems as Visible Photoinitiators for Hybrid Polymerization","volume":"97","author":"Strzelczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.05.013","article-title":"Recent Progress in Biological Activities of Synthesized Phenothiazines","volume":"46","author":"Pluta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115337","article-title":"Phenothiazines as Anti-Cancer Agents: SAR Overview and Synthetic Strategies","volume":"254","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2014.889127","article-title":"Discovery of Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors among Derivatives of Azaphenothiazines","volume":"30","author":"Lodarski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2017.01.010","article-title":"Medicinal Attributes of 1,2,3-Triazoles: Current Developments","volume":"71","author":"Dheer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"506","article-title":"Syntheses and Biological Activities of 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazoles","volume":"7","author":"Praveena","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonnet, L., Baron, M., and Baltas, M. (2021). Synthesis of Biologically Relevant 1,2,3- and 1,3,4-Triazoles: From Classical Pathway to Green Chemistry. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185667"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.05.014","article-title":"The 1,2,3-Triazole Ring as a Bioisostere in Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"22","author":"Bonandi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2015.03.136","article-title":"New Click-Chemistry Methods for 1,2,3-Triazoles Synthesis: Recent Advances and Applications","volume":"56","author":"Totobenazara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4905","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200409f","article-title":"Click Chemistry for Drug Development and Diverse Chemical\u2013Biology Applications","volume":"113","author":"Thirumurugan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"5157","article-title":"Bioactive Triazoles: A Potential Review","volume":"4","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chem. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.12527","article-title":"Triazole: A Promising Antitubercular Agent","volume":"86","author":"Keri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khandelwal, R., Vasava, M., Abhirami, R.B., and Karsharma, M. (2024). Recent Advances in Triazole Synthesis via Click Chemistry and Their Pharmacological Applications: A Review. Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett., 112.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2024.129927"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.07.005","article-title":"1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Hybrids as Leads in Medicinal Chemistry: A Recent Overview","volume":"27","author":"Bozorov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2019.111700","article-title":"1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents: Current Developments, Action Mechanisms and Structure-Activity Relationships","volume":"183","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-018-0682-x","article-title":"Antitumor Evaluation of Novel Phenothiazine Derivatives That Inhibit Migration and Tubulin Polymerization against Gastric Cancer MGC-803 Cells","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. New Drugs"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J.-X., Guo, J.-M., Zhang, T.-T., Lin, H.-J., Qi, N.-S., Li, Z.-G., Zhou, J.-C., and Zhang, Z.-Z. (2018). Antiproliferative Phenothiazine Hybrids as Novel Apoptosis Inducers against MCF-7 Breast Cancer. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23061288"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3184\/174751917X15122516000140","article-title":"Design, Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel Phenothiazine-1,2,3-Triazole Analogues","volume":"41","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(10)70272-3","article-title":"Anticancer Activity of Newly Synthesized Azaphenothiazines from NCI\u2019s Anticancer Screening Bank","volume":"62","author":"Pluta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.2478\/s11658-009-0025-1","article-title":"The Immunosuppressive Activities of Newly Synthesized Azaphenothiazines in Human and Mouse Models","volume":"14","author":"Zimecki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2013.02.023","article-title":"Synthesis and Selected Immunological Properties of Substituted Quino[3,2-b]Benzo[1,4]Thiazines","volume":"63","author":"Pluta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehrabi, S.F., Elmi, S., and Nylandsted, J. (2023). Repurposing Phenothiazines for Cancer Therapy: Compromising Membrane Integrity in Cancer Cells. Front. Oncol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1320621"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e157923","DOI":"10.5812\/ijpr-157923","article-title":"Therapeutic Mechanisms of Phenothiazine Drugs: A Mini-Review of Advances in Cancer Treatment and Antibiotic Resistance","volume":"24","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2023.153528","article-title":"Phenothiazine Derivatives and Their Impact on the Necroptosis and Necrosis Processes. A Review","volume":"492","author":"Stojko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.27.20130030","article-title":"The MDM2-P53 Pathway Revisited","volume":"27","author":"Nag","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Luo, Y.L., Xiang, Y., Bai, X.Y., Qiang, R.R., Zhang, X., Yang, Y.L., and Liu, X.L. (2024). Ferroptosis Inhibitors: Past, Present and Future. Front. Pharmacol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1407335"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2024.2322990","article-title":"Molecular Hybridization: A Powerful Tool for Multitarget Drug Discovery","volume":"19","author":"Franco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6523","DOI":"10.1021\/jm058225d","article-title":"Designed Multiple Ligands. An Emerging Drug Discovery Paradigm","volume":"48","author":"Morphy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1517\/17460441.2016.1135125","article-title":"An Overview of Molecular Hybrids in Drug Discovery","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6446","DOI":"10.1021\/jm701225u","article-title":"Multi-Target-Directed Drug Design Strategy: From a Dual Binding Site Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor to a Trifunctional Compound against Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"50","author":"Bolognesi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19470","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA03281C","article-title":"Design and Synthesis of Hybrid Compounds as Novel Drugs and Medicines","volume":"12","author":"Alkhzem","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(03)02933-7","article-title":"The Growing Impact of Click Chemistry on Drug Discovery","volume":"8","author":"Kolb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.3987\/COM-09-11736","article-title":"Synthesis of Quinobenzo-1,4-Thiazines from Diquino-1,4-Dithiin and 2,2\u2032-Dichloro-3,3\u2032-Diquinolinyl Disulfide","volume":"78","author":"Pluta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heterocycles"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2016.1205046","article-title":"Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Propargylquinobenzothiazines and Their Derivatives as Potential Antiproliferative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Agents","volume":"31","author":"Pluta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Enzym. Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.10.070","article-title":"6-Substituted 9-Fluoroquino[3,2-b]Benzo[1,4]Thiazines Display Strong Antiproliferative and Antitumor Properties","volume":"89","author":"Pluta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2025, June 07). Way2Drug\u2014Main. Available online: https:\/\/www.way2drug.com\/PassOnline\/."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0737com","article-title":"Regulation by Complement C3a and C5a Anaphylatoxins of Cytokine Production in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells","volume":"17","author":"Monsinjon","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.04.027","article-title":"The Role of the Anaphylatoxins in Health and Disease","volume":"46","author":"Klos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2479","article-title":"A Novel Role of Complement: Mice Deficient in the Fifth Component of Complement (C5) Exhibit Impaired Liver Regeneration","volume":"166","author":"Mastellos","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S294809","article-title":"Inflammatory Markers Related to Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Atherosclerosis: Implications for Disease Prediction and Prospective Therapeutics","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1423","article-title":"Comparative Study of the Inhibition of \u03b1-Glucosidase, \u03b1-Amylase, and Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanosyltransferase by Acarbose, Isoacarbose, and Acarviosine\u2013Glucose","volume":"371","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1163462","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1163462","article-title":"Role of IL-2 in Cancer Immunotherapy","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161118","article-title":"Therapeutics of Neurotransmitters in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"57","author":"Kandimalla","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s10593-014-1496-1","article-title":"Prediction of the Biological Activity Spectra of Organic Compounds Using the Pass Online Web Resource","volume":"50","author":"Filimonov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Heterocycl. Comp."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/14\/6920\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:12:20Z","timestamp":1760033540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/14\/6920"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26146920"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26146920","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]}}}