{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T15:19:43Z","timestamp":1782832783297,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["302700\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302700\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["E-26\/200.312\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.312\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["302700\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302700\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["E-26\/200.312\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.312\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["302700\/2022-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302700\/2022-6"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["E-26\/200.312\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/200.312\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic inflammation plays a central role in the progression and complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway has emerged as a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response in CKD. This cross-sectional study evaluated the expression of NLRP3 in patients with CKD undergoing different treatments. Blood samples were collected from 32 non-dialysis (ND) patients [63 (11.2) years, estimated glomerular filtration rate, 43.5 (22.0) mL\/min, BMI, 29.5 (10.0) kg\/m2)], 50 hemodialysis (HD) patients [48.5 (16.5) years, 60.5 (50) months on HD, BMI, 24.2 (4.9) kg\/m2)], and 8 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients [56.5 (8.5) years, 40.5 (41.2) months on PD, BMI, 28.8 (2.6) kg\/m2)]. The mRNA expression level of NLRP3 was measured using real-time PCR. The cytokines and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also assessed. The results indicated that the mRNA level of NLRP3 was significantly elevated in patients undergoing HD (1.23, IQR = 0.95) compared with that in non-dialysis patients (0.79, IQR = 0.35) and in patients undergoing PD (0.77, IQR = 0.38) after adjusting for confounding variables, including age, sex, BMI, and dialysis duration. Furthermore, the MDA levels were significantly higher in HD patients. NLRP3 is upregulated in HD patients, and the results suggested that the inflammasome may be associated with oxidative stress in patients with CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T09:33:53Z","timestamp":1753090433000},"page":"6933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hemodialysis Intensifies NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4957-3630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences\u2014Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8507-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila F. 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