{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:06:40Z","timestamp":1792454800199,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":220,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the toughest obstacles in neuroscience and regenerative medicine due to both severe functional loss and limited healing ability. This article aims to provide a key integrative, mechanism-focused review of the molecular landscape of SCI and the new disruptive therapy technologies that are now evolving in the SCI arena. Our goal is to unify a fundamental pathophysiology of neuroinflammation, ferroptosis, glial scarring, and oxidative stress with the translation of precision treatment approaches driven by artificial intelligence (AI), CRISPR-mediated gene editing, and regenerative bioengineering. Drawing upon advances in single-cell omics, systems biology, and smart biomaterials, we will discuss the potential for reprogramming the spinal cord at multiple levels, from transcriptional programming to biomechanical scaffolds, to change the course from an irreversible degeneration toward a directed regenerative pathway. We will place special emphasis on using AI to improve diagnostic\/prognostic and inferred responses, gene and cell therapies enabled by genomic editing, and bioelectronics capable of rehabilitating functional connectivity. Although many of the technologies described below are still in development, they are becoming increasingly disruptive capabilities of what it may mean to recover from an SCI. Instead of prescribing a particular therapeutic fix, we provide a future-looking synthesis of interrelated biological, computational, and bioengineering approaches that conjointly chart a course toward adaptive, personalized neuroregeneration. Our intent is to inspire a paradigm shift to resolve paralysis through precision recovery and to be grounded in a spirit of humility, rigor, and an interdisciplinary approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26146966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T09:33:53Z","timestamp":1753090433000},"page":"6966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Precision Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: Integrating CRISPR Technologies, AI-Driven Therapeutics, Single-Cell Omics, and System Neuroregeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"R\u0103zvan-Adrian","family":"Covache-Busuioc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Puls Med Association, 051885 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corneliu","family":"Toader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mugurel Petrinel","family":"R\u0103doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matei","family":"\u0218erban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puls Med Association, 051885 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery \u201cCarol Davila\u201d, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06094-5","article-title":"Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain\u2013spine interface","volume":"618","author":"Lorach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2023.0024","article-title":"Development of a Systems Medicine Approach to Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"40","author":"Guest","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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