{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T03:33:16Z","timestamp":1788838396366,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD1300401-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1300401-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term storage may induce lipid oxidation in brown rice and impact its utilization in animal diets. One-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens (with an initial body weight of 20 g) were randomly divided into three groups: corn-based diet (Corn), fresh brown rice-based diet (BR1) and stored brown rice-based diet (BR6), with 8 replicates of 10 birds per pen, in a 42-day feeding trial. The results showed that lipid oxidation indexes increased and fatty acid composition changed significantly in BR6 (p &lt; 0.05). The dietary replacement of corn with brown rice showed no effects on growth performance of broilers (p &gt; 0.05). However, palmitic acid and oleic acid increased, and stearic acid, linoleic acid and docosadienoic acid decreased in the broiler breast muscle of the BR1 and BR6 groups (p &lt; 0.05). Ileum antioxidant enzyme activities increased in the BR1 and BR6 groups compared to the Corn group (p &lt; 0.05), and the activities of \u03b1-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and lipase decreased in the BR6 group compared to the BR1 and Corn groups (p &lt; 0.05). Also, compared to the BR1 group, the overall expression of metabolites involved in drug metabolism\u2014cytochrome P450, GnRH secretion and the estrogen signaling pathway in broiler ileum were down-regulated in the BR6 group (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, the lipid oxidation of stored brown rice decreased digestive enzyme activities and changed metabolic characteristics in the ileum of broilers. While replacing corn with brown rice did not affect broiler growth performance, it reduced the contents of unsaturated and essential fatty acids in breast muscle and enhanced the ileal antioxidant functions of broilers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26147025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T17:27:36Z","timestamp":1753118856000},"page":"7025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lipid Oxidation of Stored Brown Rice Changes Ileum Digestive and Metabolic Characteristics of Broiler Chickens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9576-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beibei","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"},{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuanbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junlin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aike","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2006.892","article-title":"The nutritional value of brown rice and maize for growing pigs","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. 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