{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:06:57Z","timestamp":1788311217961,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control","award":["2023SKLDRS0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SKLDRS0101"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control","award":["1020050090116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1020050090116"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control","award":["2023X10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023X10"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science","award":["2023SKLDRS0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SKLDRS0101"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science","award":["1020050090116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1020050090116"]}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science","award":["2023X10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023X10"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Medicine Institute of NIFDC","award":["2023SKLDRS0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SKLDRS0101"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Medicine Institute of NIFDC","award":["1020050090116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1020050090116"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Medicine Institute of NIFDC","award":["2023X10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023X10"]}]},{"name":"Training Fund for Academic Leaders of NIFDC","award":["2023SKLDRS0101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023SKLDRS0101"]}]},{"name":"Training Fund for Academic Leaders of NIFDC","award":["1020050090116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1020050090116"]}]},{"name":"Training Fund for Academic Leaders of NIFDC","award":["2023X10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023X10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to explore the anti-inflammatory pharmacological components and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the alcohol extract of Saposhnikoviae Radix (SR). The components of the alcohol extract of SR were analyzed using the UPLC-MS\/MS system. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of the alcohol extract and core components of SR was evaluated using the LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SR in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis was expounded by means of serum metabolomics, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. A total of 12 chromones and 13 coumarins were identified in the alcohol extract of SR. The alcohol extract of SR and its components all had good anti-inflammatory activities. In the mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, the glycoside compounds of SR were transformed into aglycones, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, the alcohol extract of SR alleviated the inflammatory response by up-regulating the expression levels of metabolites such as phenylalanine and tyrosine. Network pharmacology and molecular docking results show that SR could exert an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating AGE-RAGE, PI3K-Akt, TNF, MAPK, and Toll-like signaling pathways. In this study, the anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanisms of the alcohol extract of SR are explored, with the aim of providing a reference for subsequent research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T10:49:17Z","timestamp":1753267757000},"page":"7088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Mechanism Mediated by the Conversion of Glycosides to Aglycones in Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) in Rheumatoid Arthritis Models Based on Serum Metabolomics, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5122-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenguang","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Pi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4741-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangliang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"},{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haonan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianlong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penglong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7598-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102400","article-title":"The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"110","author":"Scherer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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