{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:24:07Z","timestamp":1790717047831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Valvular hemangiomas are uncommon vascular anomalies that appear on the surface of heart valves. They can cause an array of non-specific symptoms and are consequently rarely diagnosed, with only 31 such cases (including the present one) reported to date in the literature; the present case is the first report of an arteriovenous hemangioma with a tricuspid localization. During the preoperative echocardiographic examination for a ventricular septal defect, a mass was incidentally discovered on the tricuspid valve of a 9-month-old infant. The involved leaflet was surgically removed and sent to the pathology department for analysis and subsequently diagnosed as an arteriovenous hemangioma. The patient recovered well, with no local tumor recurrence or other complications. The microscopic examination showed multiple blood vessels which stained positive for the endothelial markers CD31 and CD34 and which did not express D2-40, normally found in lymphatic endothelia. Surprisingly, endothelial cells lining the vessels also showed positivity for SMA, a mesenchymal cell marker, indicating a possible involvement of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its opposite process, mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition, in the pathogenesis of these vascular anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T16:04:51Z","timestamp":1753286691000},"page":"7114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pathogenesis of Cardiac Valvular Hemangiomas: A Case Report and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8796-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly-Allisya","family":"Neeter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalin-Bogdan","family":"Satala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 810325 Braila, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201dDunarea de Jos\u201d University, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Mihalache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 810325 Braila, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201dDunarea de Jos\u201d University, 800008 Galati, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru-Stefan","family":"Neferu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 44791 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0176-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Patrichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Elena","family":"Opris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Adult and Children Cardiovascular Recovery, Emergency Institute for Cardio-Vascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540136 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3968-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Gurzu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, \u201dGeorge Emil Palade\u201d University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu-Mures, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu-Mures, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1230","article-title":"Cardiac masses and tumors","volume":"102","author":"Basso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart (Br. 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