{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:48:55Z","timestamp":1791560935873,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41977403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41977403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41977403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41977403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cognitive function is critical for overall health, with vitamin D\u2019s impact under extensive investigation. This review explores the association between vitamin D and cognitive health, its neuroprotective mechanisms, and the therapeutic potential of supplementation in cognitive decline. Observational studies link low vitamin D levels to increased cognitive deterioration risk, particularly in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and schizophrenia. Clinical trial results on vitamin D supplementation\u2019s cognitive benefits are inconclusive. Vitamin D\u2019s neuroprotective effects are complex, influencing cognitive abilities by interacting with neuronal and glial cells, modulating immune responses, and regulating key molecular pathways. Challenges remain in clinical applications, including determining optimal vitamin D levels, effective supplementation forms and doses, and identifying responsive populations. The review advocates for robust clinical trials to address these gaps, facilitating informed use of vitamin D in cognitive health. Future research should focus on the optimal timing, duration, and target groups for supplementation to enhance cognitive outcomes and reduce risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T14:11:44Z","timestamp":1753366304000},"page":"7146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Neuroprotective Roles of Vitamin D: Bridging the Gap Between Mechanisms and Clinical Applications in Cognitive Decline"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yaoyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102283","article-title":"Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and cognitive function among older adults: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024","volume":"97","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Res. 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