{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:21:51Z","timestamp":1790655711821,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101160061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101160061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101160061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101160061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest malignancies, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Novel strategies are therefore urgently needed. Sotorasib, a KRAS G12C-specific inhibitor, offers targeted treatment for a small subset of patients with this mutation. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), which enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents through electroporation-induced membrane permeabilization, has shown promise in various tumor types, including deep-seated malignancies such as pancreatic cancer. Combining ECT with sotorasib may potentiate antitumor effects in KRAS G12C-mutated pancreatic cancer; however, preclinical data on such combinations are lacking. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of ECT using bleomycin (BLM) or cisplatin (CDDP) in combination with sotorasib in KRAS G12C-mutated MIA PaCa-2 and KRAS G12D-mutated PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. ECT alone significantly reduced cell viability, particularly in MIA PaCa-2 cells, where electric pulses induced approximately 75% cell death. Combining ECT with sotorasib resulted in an additive effect on KRAS G12C-mutated MIA PaCa-2 cells, though no synergy was observed, likely due to the high intrinsic sensitivity to electric pulses. These results support the potential of combining physical and molecular therapies in a subset of pancreatic cancer patients and lay the groundwork for further in vivo studies to optimize treatment parameters and explore clinical translatability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T15:19:22Z","timestamp":1753370362000},"page":"7165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of Electrochemotherapy Combined with Sotorasib in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cell Lines Harboring Distinct KRAS Mutations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5883-1673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Jesenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masa","family":"Omerzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Zivic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-5670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Sersa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Cemazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533033820962117","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820962117","article-title":"Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. 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