{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:31:28Z","timestamp":1788251488793,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32101093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32230056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32230056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32361163656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32361163656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BM2023008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM2023008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Special Fund","award":["32101093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32101093"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Special Fund","award":["32230056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32230056"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Special Fund","award":["81973273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973273"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Special Fund","award":["32361163656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32361163656"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Plan Special Fund","award":["BM2023008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM2023008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of functional endothelial monolayers on synthetic vascular grafts remains challenging, particularly for small-diameter vessels (&lt;6 mm) prone to thrombosis. Here, we present a pharmacological strategy combining 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) adenosine 3\u2032,5\u2032-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (pCPT-cAMP, a tight junction promoter) with nitric oxide\/cGMP pathway agonists 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), captopril, and sildenafil) to enhance endothelialization. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), this four-agent cocktail induced a flat, extended phenotype with a 3-fold increased cell area and 57.5% fewer cells required for surface coverage compared to controls. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed enhanced ZO-1 expression and continuous tight junction formation, while sustained nitric oxide (NO) production (3.9-fold increase) and restored prostacyclin (PGI2) secretion demonstrated preserved endothelial functionality. Anticoagulation assays confirmed a significant reduction in thrombus formation (p &lt; 0.01) via dual inhibition of platelet activation and thrombin binding. These findings establish a synergistic drug combination that promotes rapid endothelialization while maintaining antithrombogenic activity, offering a promising solution for small-diameter vascular grafts. Further studies should validate long-term stability and translational potential in preclinical models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T09:35:11Z","timestamp":1753436111000},"page":"7183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined Pharmacological Conditioning of Endothelial Cells for Improved Vascular Graft Endothelialization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhiyao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuqian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China"},{"name":"Wuxi Xishan NJU Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Wuxi 214000, China"},{"name":"Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjan, A.K., Kumar, U., Hardikar, A.A., Poddar, P., Nair, P.D., and Hardikar, A.A. 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