{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:31:54Z","timestamp":1760059914017,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Opioids are among the most effective drugs for treating moderate to severe pain. Unfortunately, opioid use, even short-term, can lead to addiction, tolerance, overdose, and respiratory depression. Therefore, efforts to design and develop novel compounds that would retain analgesic activity while reducing side effects continue unabated. The present study was designed to investigate the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of the hybrid peptide LENART01, which has evidenced potent antinociceptive and antimicrobial activity. This hybrid peptide, composed of N-terminally located dermorphin and C-terminal modified ranatensin pharmacophore, was tested in vivo in anesthetized rats. The main effect of LENART01 was apnea in 70% of examined animals, sighing, and a significant increase in blood pressure. Interestingly, the hybrid induced sighs less frequently than ranatensin, and apnea dependent on vagus nerve mu opioid receptor activation much less frequently and less intensely than dermorphin itself. This shows that LENART01 is a safer opioid system-related agent as compared to dermorphin for its prospective use in the treatment of pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T11:38:41Z","timestamp":1753443521000},"page":"7188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Respiratory and Cardiovascular Activity of LENART01, an Analgesic Dermorphin\u2013Ranatensin Hybrid Peptide, in Anesthetized Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7883-2155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Wojciechowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawi\u0144skiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0910-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Zaj\u0105c","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawi\u0144skiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"G\u00f3rski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Kamysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8389-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kleczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Research, National Medicines Institute, Che\u0142mska 30\/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Pl. \u017belaznej Bramy 10, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9608-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kaczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawi\u0144skiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul, A.K., Smith, C.M., Rahmatullah, M., Nissapatorn, V., Wilairatana, P., Spetea, M., Gueven, N., and Dietis, N. 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