{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:50:21Z","timestamp":1783975821654,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by immune dysregulation and skin barrier impairment. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Camellia japonica extract in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse model using SKH-1 hairless mice. Topical application of Camellia japonica extract for four weeks significantly alleviated AD-like symptoms by reducing epidermal thickness, mast cell infiltration, and overall skin inflammation. Hematological analysis revealed a marked decrease in total white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts. Furthermore, the Camellia japonica extract significantly decreased oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, while enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase. Importantly, allergic response markers including serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), were also downregulated. At the molecular level, Camellia japonica extract suppressed the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, and T helper 2 (Th2)-type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5, while slightly upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Collectively, these findings suggest that Camellia japonica extract effectively modulates immune responses, suppresses allergic responses, attenuates oxidative stress, and promotes skin barrier recovery. Therefore, application of Camellia japonica extract holds the promising effect as a natural therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of AD-like skin conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T14:05:47Z","timestamp":1753711547000},"page":"7286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Protective Effect of Camellia japonica Extract on 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in an SKH-1 Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Chaodeng","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Habibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thu Thao","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9927-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheol-Su","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-8053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johny","family":"Bajgai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.01.053","article-title":"Contrasting pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis--part I: Clinical and pathologic concepts","volume":"127","author":"Nograles","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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