{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T22:14:20Z","timestamp":1790028860777,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/IIRS024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/IIRS024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001026","name":"National Breast Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GHFMCDI00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHFMCDI00001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MRFF","award":["2023\/IIRS024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/IIRS024"]}]},{"name":"MRFF","award":["GHFMCDI00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHFMCDI00001"]}]},{"name":"Breast Cancer Trials Fellowship","award":["2023\/IIRS024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/IIRS024"]}]},{"name":"Breast Cancer Trials Fellowship","award":["GHFMCDI00001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHFMCDI00001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precision oncology, also known as personalized oncology or precision medicine, is the tailoring of cancer treatment to individual patients based on the specific genetic, molecular, and other unique characteristics of their tumor. The goal of precision oncology is to optimize the effectiveness of cancer treatment while minimizing toxicities and improving patient outcomes. Precision oncology recognizes that cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease and that each patient\u2019s tumor has a distinct genetic diversity. Precision medicine individualizes therapy by using information from a patient\u2019s tumor in the context of clinical history to determine optimal therapeutic approaches and increasing numbers of drugs target specific tumor alterations. Several targeted therapies with approved companion diagnostics are commercially available, the haves of precision oncology, where predictive biomarkers guide clinical decision-making and improve outcomes. However, many therapies still lack clear biomarkers, the have nots, posing a challenge to fully realizing the promise of precision oncology. Herein, we describe the current state of the art for breast cancer precision oncology and highlight the therapeutic agents that require a more robust biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T16:00:37Z","timestamp":1753718437000},"page":"7300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genomic Predictive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: The Haves and Have Nots"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7462-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Beecher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tivya","family":"Kulasegaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4067-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil R.","family":"Lakhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5387-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy E.","family":"McCart Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board (2019). 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