{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:13:26Z","timestamp":1784312006584,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias","award":["FM\/DI\/123\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/123\/2024"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FM\/DI\/123\/2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FM\/DI\/123\/2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone primarily associated with lactation, but it plays various roles in both men and women. PRL belongs to the family of peptide hormones, including placental lactogen and growth hormone. Interestingly, PRL is a pleiotropic hormone affecting several physiological and pathological conditions, including fertility. Moreover, several pathophysiological roles have been associated with this hormone, including those of the immune system, autoimmune disorders, asthma, and ageing. Additionally, PRL receptors are ubiquitously expressed in tissues, including the mammary gland, gonads, liver, kidney, adrenal gland, brain, heart, lungs, pituitary gland, uterus, skeletal muscle, skin blood cells, and immune system. Therefore, in the present paper, we cover the potential role that PRL may play in asthma by promoting inflammation and modulating immune responses. The detection of its receptor in lung tissue suggests a direct role in airway smooth muscle contractility through activation of signaling pathways such as JAK2-STAT5, MAPK\/ERK1\/2, and PI3K\/Akt, as well as influencing ionic currents that regulate cell contraction, proliferation, and survival. In this sense, this review aims to explore the potential involvement of PRL in asthma pathophysiology by examining its interactions with intracellular signaling pathways and its possible impact on airway smooth muscle contractility and immune modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T16:16:10Z","timestamp":1753805770000},"page":"7332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Interactions Between Prolactin, Intracellular Signaling, and Possible Implications in the Contractility and Pathophysiology of Asthma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Calixto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatr\u00eda \u201cRam\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz\u201d, Mexico City 14370, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-8067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan C.","family":"Gomez-Verjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Geriatr\u00eda, Mexico City 10200, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cerb\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5887-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca S.","family":"Romero-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda E.","family":"Martinez-Enriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8329-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Monta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Sol\u00eds-Chagoy\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Cognitiva, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnoldo","family":"Aquino-G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2659-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia A.","family":"Rivero-Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto Nacional de Geriatr\u00eda, Mexico City 10200, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3511-4265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Oncolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Departamento de Enfermedades Cr\u00f3nico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cosio Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0528-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana del Carmen","family":"Susunaga Notario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secihti\u2014ICAT Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0605-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria E.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunogenetica Bacteriana y Viral, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1944-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Carbajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2649-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Flores-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 04510, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1292-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bettina","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias \u201cIsmael Cos\u00edo Villegas\u201d, Mexico City 14080, CP, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GINA (2024). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, GINA."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"41469","article-title":"The basic immunology of asthma","volume":"18","author":"Hammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.01.010","article-title":"\u201cAs-Needed\u201d Inhaled Corticosteroids for Patients with Asthma","volume":"11","author":"Cardet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.042","article-title":"The prevalence of severe refractory asthma","volume":"135","author":"Hekking","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2174\/1573396315666191026100643","article-title":"Headliner in Physiology and Management of Childhood Asthma: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis","volume":"16","author":"Akcan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02204.x","article-title":"Differential changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and prolactin responses to stress in early pregnant mice","volume":"23","author":"Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russjan, E. (2024). The Role of Peptides in Asthma\u2013Obesity Phenotype. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063213"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afzal, M., Kazmi, I., Al-Abbasi, F.A., Alshehri, S., Ghoneim, M.M., Imam, S.S., Nadeem, M.S., Al-Zahrani, M.H., Alzarea, S.I., and Alquraini, A. (2021). Current Overview on Therapeutic Potential of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121843"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edazcouder, A., Romero-Nava, R., Del-R\u00edo-Navarro, B.E., S\u00e1nchez-Mu\u00f1oz, F., Guzm\u00e1n-Mart\u00edn, C.A., Reyes-Noriega, N., Rodr\u00edguez-Cort\u00e9s, O., Leija-Mart\u00ednez, J.J., V\u00e9lez-Res\u00e9ndiz, J.M., and Villafa\u00f1a, S. (2024). The Roles of MicroRNAs in Asthma and Emerging Insights into the Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030341"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.01.007","article-title":"Sex steroid signaling: Implications for lung diseases","volume":"150","author":"Sathish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.10.016","article-title":"Short-term hyperprolactinemia decreases allergic inflammatory response of the lungs","volume":"142","author":"Hamasato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0648","article-title":"Glucagon induces airway smooth muscle relaxation by nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2","volume":"225","author":"Insuela","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15861","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15861","article-title":"Lung function is related to salivary cytokines and hormones in healthy children. An exploratory cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Vargas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.05.022","article-title":"Elevated Testosterone Is Associated with Decreased Likelihood of Current Asthma Regardless of Sex","volume":"8","author":"Bulkhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15548","article-title":"Sex hormones and asthma: The role of estrogen in asthma development and severity","volume":"78","author":"Radzikowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0031","article-title":"Sex Differences and Sex Steroids in Lung Health and Disease","volume":"33","author":"Townsend","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2024.112273","article-title":"17\u03b2-estradiol induces hyperresponsiveness in guinea pig airway smooth muscle by inhibiting the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase","volume":"590","author":"Sommer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1258\/om.2012.120008","article-title":"Asthma in pregnancy: A review","volume":"6","author":"Giles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.09.048","article-title":"Determining the Clinical Course of Asthma in Pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Stevens","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC","article-title":"Identification of Asthma Phenotypes Using Cluster Analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program","volume":"181","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommer, B., Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1vila, G., Flores-Soto, E., Monta\u00f1o, L.M., Sol\u00eds-Chagoy\u00e1n, H., and Romero-Mart\u00ednez, B.S. (2023). Phytoestrogen-Based Hormonal Replacement Therapy Could Benefit Women Suffering Late-Onset Asthma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242015335"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borba, V.V., Zandman-Goddard, G., and Shoenfeld, Y. (2018). Prolactin and Autoimmunity. Front. Immunol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00073"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"292","article-title":"The roles of prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and thyroid hormones in lymphocyte development and function: Insights from genetic models of hormone and hormone receptor deficiency","volume":"21","author":"Dorshkind","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2019.101324","article-title":"Prolactin and autoimmunity: The hormone as an inflammatory cytokine","volume":"33","author":"Borba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.11.005","article-title":"Prolactin: A versatile regulator of inflammation and autoimmune pathology","volume":"14","author":"Costanza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70166-6","article-title":"Roles of prolactin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in rheumatic diseases","volume":"26","author":"Walker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301666625458","article-title":"Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with bromocriptine","volume":"10","author":"Walker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000519552","article-title":"Association between Serum Prolactin Levels and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Hoang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102075","article-title":"The conceivable role of prolactin hormone in Parkinson disease: The same goal but with different ways","volume":"91","author":"Jabir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2003.00025.x","article-title":"Immunomodulation during sublingual therapy in allergic children","volume":"14","author":"Ippoliti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E750","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00522.2003","article-title":"Tissue-specific gene expression of prolactin receptor in the acute-phase response induced by lipopolysaccharides","volume":"287","author":"Corbacho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krav\u010denia, B., and Ma\u015blanka, T. (2024). Mycophenolate Mofetil, an Inhibitor of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase, and Tofacitinib, a Janus Kinase Inhibitor, Attenuate Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29225293"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.19.3.0334","article-title":"Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor: Actions, signal transduction pathways and phenotypes observed in PRL receptor knockout mice","volume":"19","author":"Goffin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.09.016","article-title":"Reproductive actions of prolactin mediated through short and long receptor isoforms","volume":"382","author":"Halperin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molina-Salinas, G., Rivero-Segura, N.A., Cabrera-Reyes, E.A., Rodr\u00edguez-Ch\u00e1vez, V., Langley, E., and Cerbon, M. (2021). Decoding signaling pathways involved in prolactin-induced neuroprotection: A review. Front. Neuroendocrinol., 61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100913"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"85","article-title":"The prolactin receptor: Diverse and emerging roles in pathophysiology","volume":"2","author":"Gorvin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Transl. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.332124","article-title":"The brain as a source and a target of prolactin in mammals","volume":"17","author":"Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R95","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-13-0220","article-title":"Prolactin actions","volume":"52","author":"Horseman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2013-1349","article-title":"Minireview: Extrapituitary Prolactin: An Update on the Distribution, Regulation, and Functions","volume":"28","author":"Marano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4161\/chan.28946","article-title":"Prolactin receptor in regulation of neuronal excitability and channels","volume":"8","author":"Patil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Channels"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2023.171037","article-title":"Prolactin-induced neuroprotection against excitotoxicity is mediated via PI3K\/AKT and GSK3\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons","volume":"166","author":"Langley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.11.085","article-title":"Prolactin stimulates the L-type calcium channel-mediated transepithelial calcium transport in the duodenum of male rats","volume":"430","author":"Dorkkam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.07.016","article-title":"Prolactin potentiates the activity of acid-sensing ion channels in female rat primary sensory neurons","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F697","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00270.2014","article-title":"Prolactin stimulates sodium and chloride ion channels in A6 renal epithelial cells","volume":"308","author":"Greenlee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.03.027","article-title":"Attenuated allergic inflammatory response in the lungs during lactation","volume":"151","author":"Marino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1346-x","article-title":"Prolactin function and putative expression in the brain","volume":"57","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0194-6","article-title":"Prolactin-a pleiotropic factor in health and disease","volume":"15","author":"Bernard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-29-6288","article-title":"A new hormone of the anterior pituitary","volume":"29","author":"Riddle","year":"1932","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1935.111.2.361","article-title":"The gross action of prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone on the mature ovary and sex accessories of fowl","volume":"111","author":"Bates","year":"1935","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Content"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1523","article-title":"Prolactin: Structure, function, and regulation of secretion","volume":"80","author":"Freeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45475-6","article-title":"Purification of human prolactin","volume":"247","author":"Hwang","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01736.x","article-title":"Prolactin: A Pleiotropic Neuroendocrine Hormone","volume":"20","author":"Grattan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12669","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12669","article-title":"30 years after: CNS actions of prolactin: Sources, mechanisms and physiological significance","volume":"31","author":"Bridges","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06591","article-title":"Phylogeny and evolution of class-I helical cytokines","volume":"189","author":"Huising","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216307087148","article-title":"Prolactin and dopamine: What is the connection? A review article","volume":"22","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2016.04.008","article-title":"Prolactin and pregnancy in mice and humans","volume":"77","author":"Binart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2013.09.023","article-title":"Prolactin and adipose tissue","volume":"97","author":"Binart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costanza, M., and Pedotti, R. (2016). Prolactin: Friend or Foe in Central Nervous System Autoimmune Inflammation?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122026"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"627","article-title":"Osmoregulation in zebrafish: Ion transport mechanisms and functional regulation","volume":"14","author":"Guh","year":"2015","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-018-2858-2","article-title":"Prolactin system in the hippocampus","volume":"375","author":"Carretero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2022.03.004","article-title":"New horizons in specific hormone proteolysis","volume":"33","author":"Triebel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1007","article-title":"The natural history of macroprolactinaemia","volume":"166","author":"Hattori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6144","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23713","article-title":"Natural and molecular history of prolactinoma: Insights from a Prlr\u2212\/\u2212 mouse model","volume":"9","author":"Bernard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.36","article-title":"New insights in prolactin: Pathological implications","volume":"11","author":"Bernard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2006.08.002","article-title":"Vasoinhibins: Endogenous regulators of angiogenesis and vascular function","volume":"17","author":"Clapp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macotela, Y., Ruiz-Herrera, X., V\u00e1zquez-Carrillo, D.I., Ram\u00edrez-Hernandez, G., Mart\u00ednez De La Escalera, G., and Clapp, C. (2022). The beneficial metabolic actions of prolactin. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1001703"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.02.011","article-title":"Prolactin mediates neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in primary cell cultures of hippocampal neurons via its receptor","volume":"1636","author":"Grattan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.02.001","article-title":"Extra-pituitary prolactin (PRL) and prolactin-like protein (PRL-L) in chickens and zebrafish","volume":"220","author":"Bu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torner, L. (2016). Actions of Prolactin in the Brain: From Physiological Adaptations to Stress and Neurogenesis to Psychopathology. Front. Endocrinol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00025"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2021.113940","article-title":"Prolactin and prolactin receptor expression in the HPG axis and crop during parental care in both sexes of a biparental bird (Columba livia)","volume":"315","author":"Farrar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2023.114210","article-title":"Prolactin and the evolution of male pregnancy","volume":"334","author":"Wilson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32296-2","article-title":"Growth signaling and JAK2 association mediated by membrane-proximal cytoplasmic regions of prolactin receptors","volume":"269","author":"DaSilva","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84645","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.84645","article-title":"The prolactin receptor scaffolds Janus kinase 2 via co-structure formation with phosphoinositide-4,5-bisphosphate","volume":"12","author":"Bugge","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1038\/372478a0","article-title":"The X-ray structure of a growth hormone\u2013prolactin receptor complex","volume":"372","author":"Somers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11578","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11578","article-title":"A combined computational and structural model of the full-length human prolactin receptor","volume":"7","author":"Bugge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(20000315)85:6<771::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Characterization and modulation of a prolactin receptor mRNA isoform in normal and tumoral human breast tissues","volume":"85","author":"Laud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-12-0201","article-title":"Characterization of \u03947\/11, a functional prolactin-binding protein","volume":"50","author":"Fleming","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"639","article-title":"Extrapituitary prolactin: Distribution, regulation, functions, and clinical aspects","volume":"17","author":"Mershon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0213","article-title":"60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The hypothalamo-prolactin axis","volume":"226","author":"Grattan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-017-1395-1","article-title":"Prolactin regulation of the HPA axis is not mediated by a direct action upon CRH neurons: Evidence from the rat and mouse","volume":"222","author":"Gustafson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-021-01087-2","article-title":"Prolactin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in LPS-Activated SIM-A9 Microglial Cells by Inhibiting NF-\u03baB Pathways Via ERK1\/2","volume":"42","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.12.1116","article-title":"Growth hormone and prolactin stimulation by Madopar in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Giovannini","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cabrera-Reyes, E.A., Vanoye\u2013Carlo, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Dorantes, M., V\u00e1zquez-Mart\u00ednez, E.R., Rivero-Segura, N.A., Collazo-Navarrete, O., and Cerb\u00f3n, M. (2019). Transcriptomic analysis reveals new hippocampal gene networks induced by prolactin. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50228-7"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0220285","article-title":"The human prolactin gene upstream promoter is regulated in lymphoid cells by activators of T-cells and by cAMP","volume":"22","author":"Reem","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/1025389021000048638","article-title":"The Brain Prolactin System: Involvement in Stress Response Adaptations in Lactation","volume":"5","author":"Torner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, T.L., Vukovic, J., Koudijs, M.M., Blackmore, D.G., Mackay, E.W., Sykes, A.M., Overall, R.W., Hamlin, A.S., and Bartlett, P.F. (2012). Prolactin Stimulates Precursor Cells in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044371"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rivero-Segura, N.A., Flores-Soto, E., Garc\u00eda De La Cadena, S., Coronado-Mares, I., Gomez-Verjan, J.C., Ferreira, D.G., Cabrera-Reyes, E.A., Lopes, L.V., Massieu, L., and Cerb\u00f3n, M. (2017). Prolactin-induced neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity is mediated by the reduction of [Ca2+]i overload and NF-\u03baB activation. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176910"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.23288","article-title":"Prolactin enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity in female mice of reproductive age","volume":"31","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137344","article-title":"Prolactin reduces the kainic acid-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, leading to neuroprotection of hippocampal neurons","volume":"810","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"740","article-title":"Multiple autoimmune disease in a patient with hyperprolactinemia","volume":"7","author":"Anaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12778","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12778","article-title":"Breastfeeding and autoimmunity: Programing health from the beginning","volume":"79","author":"Sharif","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24500","article-title":"Prolactin alters the mechanisms of B cell tolerance induction","volume":"60","author":"Saha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1998.1275","article-title":"Prolactin is an antagonist of TGF-beta activity and promotes proliferation of murine B cell hybridomas","volume":"184","author":"Richards","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2005.05.014","article-title":"Spotlight on the role of hormonal factors in the emergence of autoreactive B-lymphocytes","volume":"101","author":"Peeva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1993.1026","article-title":"Subset-specific effects of sex hormones and pituitary gonadotropins on human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro","volume":"66","author":"Athreya","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00996.x","article-title":"Individual and combined effect of granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony-stimulating factor and prolactin on maturation of dendritic cells from blood monocytes under serum-free conditions","volume":"100","author":"Matera","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301717164967","article-title":"Effect of prolactin on the antigen presenting function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"10","author":"Matera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00045-5","article-title":"Estrogen, prolactin, and autoimmunity: Actions and interactions","volume":"1","author":"McMurray","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568-9972(02)00081-2","article-title":"Prolactin and autoimmunity","volume":"1","author":"Jara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1210\/rp.57.1.435","article-title":"Prolactin modulation of immune and inflammatory responses","volume":"57","year":"2002","journal-title":"Recent. Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.05.001","article-title":"Prolactin modulates the functions of murine spleen CD11c-positive dendritic cells","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.11.018","article-title":"Prolactin, dendritic cells, and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"7","author":"Jara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07629.x","article-title":"Prolactin and neuroimmunomodulation: In vitro and in vivo observations","volume":"876","author":"Chikanza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"E672","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma reduce prolactin release in vitro","volume":"259","author":"Walton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2785","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-6-2785","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates prolactin release from anterior pituitary cells: A possible involvement of intracellular calcium mobilization","volume":"128","author":"Koike","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:12:3:249","article-title":"Estrogens modulate the inhibitory effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on anterior pituitary cell proliferation and prolactin release","volume":"12","author":"Theas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000663","article-title":"Protein S: Function, regulation, and clinical perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Majumder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05415.x","article-title":"Cooperation of Pituitary Hormone Prolactin with Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-12 on Production of Interferon-\u03b3 by Natural Killer and T Cells","volume":"917","author":"Matera","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(97)00022-2","article-title":"Effect of prolactin on nitric oxide and interleukin-1 production of murine peritoneal macrophages: Role of Ca2+ and protein kinase C","volume":"19","author":"Kumar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(97)04028-8","article-title":"Regulation of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expression by growth hormone and prolactin in bovine thymic stromal cells","volume":"128","author":"Tseng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203317693094","article-title":"Circulating prolactin level in systemic lupus erythematosus and its correlation with disease activity: A meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310373781","article-title":"Prolactin\u2019s role in the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Praprotnik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339500400102","article-title":"Prolactin: A stimulator of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"4","author":"Walker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei115","article-title":"Serum free prolactin concentrations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with lupus activity","volume":"45","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.11.3780","article-title":"Prolactin influences autoimmune disease activity in the female B\/W mouse","volume":"147","author":"McMurray","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"2084","article-title":"Efficacy of bromocriptine in an open label therapeutic trial for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"22","author":"McMurray","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.09","article-title":"Serum estradiol concentration, estradiol-toprogesterone ratio and sputum IL-5 and IL-8 concentrations are increased in luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in perimenstrual asthma patients","volume":"49","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"1","article-title":"Protective Effects of Herba Houttuyniae Aqueous Extract against OVA-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice","volume":"2022","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"329","article-title":"Participaci\u00f3n de la prolactina en la respuesta inmune","volume":"69","author":"Yunuen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mefs.2012.04.003","article-title":"Management of hyperprolactinemic infertility","volume":"17","author":"Crosignani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East. Fertil. Soc. J."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"148","article-title":"Prolactina y autoinmunidad en piel","volume":"11","author":"Vega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Cosmet. Med. Quir."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9253083","article-title":"Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach","volume":"2018","author":"Levine","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Int."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.002","article-title":"Prolactin mitigates deficiencies of retinal function associated with aging","volume":"85","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"339","article-title":"Identifying amyloid pathology\u2013related cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in a multicohort study","volume":"1","author":"Leung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205015666180601090533","article-title":"Interplay between the APOE Genotype and Possible Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"15","author":"Zverova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-002-0025-y","article-title":"Serum prolactin levels in Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"12","author":"Winkler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12334","article-title":"Prolactin and sex hormones levels in males with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"131","author":"Nitkowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz020","article-title":"Methylation-Based Biological Age and Breast Cancer Risk","volume":"111","author":"Kresovich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.6356","article-title":"A prospective study of plasma prolactin concentrations and risk of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer","volume":"25","author":"Tworoger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coemr.2018.02.006","article-title":"Prolactinoma and Bone","volume":"3","author":"Chiloiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocr. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, S.J., Sang, H., Park, S.Y., and Chin, S.O. (2024). Effect of Hyperprolactinemia on Bone Metabolism: Focusing on Osteopenia\/Osteoporosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031474"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/15\/7332\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:18:16Z","timestamp":1760033896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/15\/7332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26157332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26157332","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]}}}