{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:08:33Z","timestamp":1789153713709,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004699","name":"Chung Shan Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSH-2022-C-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSH-2022-C-027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the molecular basis of endometrial receptivity is crucial for improving implantation outcomes in assisted reproduction, especially for patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). This study investigates the timing relationship between microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) profiles in the endometrium using simultaneously the endometrial receptivity array (ERA) and the microRNA receptivity assay (MIRA) in 100 RIF patients undergoing euploid blastocyst transfer. The concordance rate between ERA and MIRA was 72% (Kappa = 0.50), suggesting partial overlap in profiling. Patients were stratified by the timing sequence of miRNA relative to mRNA into Fast, Equal, and Slow groups. Those with delayed miRNA expression (Slow group) had significantly lower pregnancy rates (54.5%) than those with synchronous or leading miRNA expression (81.9% and 94.1%, respectively; p = 0.031). Moreover, the Slow group exhibited higher prior implantation failure counts and altered expression in 15 miRNAs, many involved in aging-related pathways. These findings highlight that asynchronous miRNA\u2013mRNA profiles may reflect impaired receptivity and suggest that miRNA-based staging adds valuable diagnostic insight beyond mRNA profiling alone. Dual assessment of mRNA and miRNA profiles may offer additional diagnostic insight into endometrial receptivity but requires further validation before clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T07:37:23Z","timestamp":1753861043000},"page":"7349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Asynchrony Between Endometrial miRNA- and mRNA-Based Receptivity Stages Associated with Impaired Receptivity in Recurrent Implantation Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yu-Jen","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Diagnosis Laboratory, Lee Women\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 40652, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5855-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Ying","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Diagnosis Laboratory, Lee Women\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 40652, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"En-Hui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Diagnosis Laboratory, Lee Women\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 40652, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6841-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pok Eric","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inti Labs, Hsinchu 30261, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-I","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infertility, Lee Women\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8858-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Hsien","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infertility, Lee Women\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maw-Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Infertility, Lee Women\u2019s Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altmae, S., Koel, M., Vosa, U., Adler, P., Suhorutsenko, M., Laisk-Podar, T., Kukushkina, V., Saare, M., Velthut-Meikas, A., and Krjutskov, K. 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