{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1779163546385,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Deanship at the University of Ha\u2019il in Saudi Arabia","award":["RG-23 217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-23 217"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Today\u2019s primary challenges include identifying efficient, affordable, and environmentally sustainable substances to serve as raw materials in industrial, agricultural, and medicinal applications. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and biological properties (namely antioxidant and allelopathic activities) of the methanolic extract derived from the above-ground portions of Artemisia judaica collected in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. GC-MS was used to evaluate the chemical composition of the methanolic extract derived from Artemisia judaica. GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 22 volatile compounds in the extract. The most prominent compounds identified were 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2,7-dimethoxynaphtho-quinone, and piperitone. The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in both the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, comparable to the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. The IC50 value for the extract was 31.82 mg\/mL in the DPPH assay and 39.93 mg\/mL in the ABTS testing. Additionally, the extract exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of seed germination, root growth, and shoot growth of the weed Chenopodium murale in allelopathic bioassays. The most significant suppression was observed in shoot growth with an IC50 value of 45.90 mg\/mL, which was lower than the IC50 values for root development and seed germination of C. murale, recorded at 56.16 mg\/mL and 88.80 mg\/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the findings indicated that methanolic extracts had significant lethal toxic effects on the life cycle of Aedes aegypti. Future research will focus on extracting uncontaminated substances and evaluating the biological effects of each specific constituent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1753872937000},"page":"7355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Artemisia judaica Methanolic Extract: Chemical Composition, Radical Scavenging Potential, Bioherbicidal Activity, and Dengue Vector Control"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5025-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naimah Asid H.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019il 53962, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani","family":"Alhejely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Darb University College, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan Mohammed","family":"Areshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2369-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanan K.","family":"Alghibiwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samiah A.","family":"Alhabardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2573-9309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Akeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amal Naif","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Darb University College, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah Mohammed","family":"Alrajeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-7153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gadah A.","family":"Al-Hamoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3755-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salama A.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and nutritional potential of medicinal plants from asteraceae family","volume":"17","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mt. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Asteraceae: A taxonomically and medicinally important sunflower family","volume":"3","author":"Easmin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. Int. J. Biol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurlybekova, A., Kudaibergen, A., Kazymbetova, A., Amangeldi, M., Baiseitova, A., Ospanov, M., Aisa, H.A., Ye, Y., Ibrahim, M.A., and Jenis, J. (2022). Traditional use, phytochemical profiles and pharmacological properties of Artemisia genus from Central Asia. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165128"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1934578x19850354","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and health benefits of Artemisia species","volume":"14","author":"Nigam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qanash, H., Bazaid, A.S., Aldarhami, A., Alharbi, B., Almashjary, M.N., Hazzazi, M.S., Felemban, H.R., and Abdelghany, T.M. (2023). Phytochemical characterization and efficacy of Artemisia judaica extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles as inhibitors of cancer proliferation and microbial growth. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15020391"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.113777","article-title":"Pharmacological activity and flavonoids constituents of Artemisia judaica L. aerial parts","volume":"270","author":"Moharram","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed, H.A., Qureshi, K.A., Ali, H.M., Al-Omar, M.S., Khan, O., and Mohammed, S.A. (2022). Bio-evaluation of the wound healing activity of Artemisia judaica L. as part of the plant\u2019s use in traditional medicine; phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibiofilm properties of the plant\u2019s essential oils. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020332"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsharif, B., Bashir, Y., and Boylan, F. (2024). Chemical composition and cytotoxicity evaluation of Artemisia judaica L. essential oil from Saudi Arabia. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29122882"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2018.03.004","article-title":"Comparative study on the essential oils of Artemisia judaica and A. herba-alba from Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Mahmood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elansary, H.O., Abdelgaleil, S.A., Mahmoud, E.A., Yessoufou, K., Elhindi, K., and El-Hendawy, S. (2018). Effective antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of essential oils of horticultural aromatic crops in northern Egypt. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2262-1"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.4103\/pm.pm_216_20","article-title":"Effects of Artemisia judaica essential oil and ethanolic extract on experimentally-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"16","author":"Migdady","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Mag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2021.1900234","article-title":"Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Jordanian Artemisia judaica L. as affected by different drying methods","volume":"24","author":"Onizat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Prop."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.06.023","article-title":"Chemical composition and biological activities of Artemisia judaica essential oil from southern desert of Jordan","volume":"191","author":"Cabral","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2017.07.070","article-title":"Beneficial effects of a medicinal herb, Cirsium japonicum var. maackii, extract and its major component, cirsimaritin on breast cancer metastasis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"3312","article-title":"Cirsimaritin, a lung squamous carcinoma cells (NCIH-520) proliferation inhibitor","volume":"39","author":"Pathak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"215872","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of artemisinin and precursor derived from in vitro plantlets of Artemisia annua L.","volume":"2014","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M., Khan, M., Al-Hamoud, K., Adil, S.F., Shaik, M.R., and Alkhathlan, H.Z. (2022). Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of various solvent extracts of Artemisia judaica and their potential anticancer and antimicrobial activities. Life, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/life12111885"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characterization of Artemisia judaica ethanolic extract","volume":"52","author":"Hameed","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. Mansoura Univ."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"4","article-title":"Potential of wild plant Artemisia judaica L. as sustainable source of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds","volume":"10","author":"Elagami","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exp. Sci"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saeedan, A.S., Soliman, G.A., Abdel-Rahman, R.F., Abd-Elsalam, R.M., Ogaly, H.A., Alharthy, K.M., and Abdel-Kader, M.S. (2021). Possible synergistic antidiabetic effects of quantified Artemisia judaica extract and glyburide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via restoration of PPAR-\u03b1 mRNA expression. Biology, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10080796"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albasher, G., Aljarba, N., Al Sultan, N., Alqahtani, W.S., and Alkahtani, S. (2020). Evaluation of the neuro-protective effect of Artemisia judaica extract in a murine diabetic model. J. Food Biochem., 44.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13337"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Nashar, H.A., Eldahshan, O.A., Nilofar, N., and Zengin, G. (2024). Chemical profiling and enzyme inhibitory properties of essential oil isolated from Artemisia judaica grown in Egypt: GC-MS analysis and in-Vitro studies. Nat. Prod. Res., 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2024.2381030"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3647","article-title":"Extraction development for antimicrobial and phytotoxic essential oils from Asteraceae species: Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum","volume":"36","author":"Elshamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13306","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-13306","article-title":"Assessment of anthelmintic activity of Artemisia judaica methanol extracts against Eisenia fetida: In vitro investigation","volume":"77","author":"Alawwad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. E Zootec."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"393","article-title":"In vitro assessment of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Zygophyllum coccineum L. methanolic extract","volume":"67","author":"Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Aparicio, F., Lis\u00f3n, P., Rodrigo, I., Bell\u00e9s, J.M., and L\u00f3pez-Gresa, M.P. (2021). Signaling in the tomato immunity against Fusarium oxysporum. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071818"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA11756E","article-title":"Bioactive natural products derived from mangrove-associated microbes","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fidan, H., Stankov, S., Petkova, N., Tasheva, S., Stoyanova, A., Dincheva, I., Senkal, B.C., Do\u011fan, H., and Uskuto\u011flu, T. (2020, January 12\u201314). Chemical composition and biological activity of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) grown in Turkey. Proceedings of the 2020 7th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE), Ruse, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.1109\/EEAE49144.2020.9279085"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"451","article-title":"The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea biebersteini Afan. (Asteraceae)","volume":"18","author":"Daferera","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. Int. J. Devoted Pharmacol. Toxicol. Eval. Nat. Prod. Deriv."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"5688","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect of local medicinal plant extracts in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and search for their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis","volume":"6","author":"Ara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Plants Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"219","article-title":"Phytochemicals analysis and GC-MS determination of ethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Mangifera indica stem bark and their biological potentials","volume":"21","author":"Ayoola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pac. J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alotaibi, S.S., Darwish, H., Alzahrani, A.K., Alharthi, S., Alghamdi, A.S., Al-Barty, A.M., Helal, M., Maghrabi, A., Baazeem, A., and Alamari, H.A. (2022). Environment-friendly control potential of two citrus essential oils against Aphis punicae and Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12092040"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.07.015","article-title":"Practical problems when using ABTS assay to assess the radical-scavenging activity of peptides: Importance of controlling reaction pH and time","volume":"192","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.5897\/AJPP2012.1490","article-title":"Biological activities of the hydro-alchoholic and aqueous extracts of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) grown in Jordan","volume":"7","author":"Hammad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2017.05.023","article-title":"Rumpictuside A: Unusual 9, 10-anthraquinone glucoside from Rumex pictus Forssk","volume":"448","author":"Elshamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10835","DOI":"10.1021\/jf403496k","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of essential oils","volume":"61","author":"Amorati","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4010","article-title":"Comparative and synergistic activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil constituents against the larvae and an ovarian cell line of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"72","author":"Tak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pest Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, E.L., Rajarajeswaran, J., Fung, S.Y., and Kanthimathi, M. (2013). Antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum and protection against DNA damage and cancer cell migration. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-347"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salama, S.A., Al-Faifi, Z.E., and El-Amier, Y.A. (2022). Chemical composition of Reichardia tingitana methanolic extract and its potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and larvicidal activity. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11152028"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mot, M.-D., Gavrila\u0219, S., Lupitu, A.I., Moisa, C., Chambre, D., Tit, D.M., Bogdan, M.A., Bodescu, A.-M., Copolovici, L., and Copolovici, D.M. (2022). Salvia officinalis L. essential oil: Characterization, antioxidant properties, and the effects of aromatherapy in adult patients. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050808"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd-ElGawad, A.M., Elgamal, A.M., Ei-Amier, Y.A., Mohamed, T.A., El Gendy, A.E.-N.G., and Elshamy, A.I. (2021). Chemical composition, allelopathic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of sesquiterpenes rich essential oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10071294"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of three wild Mesembryanthemum species growing in heterogeneous habitats","volume":"13","author":"Alghanem","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phytol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-019-04190-y","article-title":"Plant allelochemicals: Agronomic, nutritional and ecological relevance in the soil system","volume":"442","author":"Scavo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., Wang, T., Ren, C., Dou, P., Miao, Z., Liu, X., Huang, D., and Wang, K. (2022). Aqueous extracts of three herbs allelopathically inhibit lettuce germination but promote seedling growth at low concentrations. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11040486"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2014.901612","article-title":"Effect of seasonal variation on the composition of the essential oil of Solidago canadensis cultivated in Egypt","volume":"17","author":"Khaleel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Bear. Plants"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staszek, P., Krasuska, U., Ciacka, K., and Gniazdowska, A. (2021). ROS metabolism perturbation as an element of mode of action of allelochemicals. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111648"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charoenying, P., Laosinwattana, C., and Chotsaeng, N. (2022). The allelopathic activity of extracts and isolated from Spirulina platensis. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27123852"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.172937","article-title":"Anticancer activities of fatty acids and their heterocyclic derivatives","volume":"871","author":"Filipowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Kharraf, S., Faleiro, M.L., Abdellah, F., El-Guendouz, S., El Hadrami, E.M., and Miguel, M.G. (2021). Simultaneous hydrodistillation-steam distillation of Rosmarinus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia and Citrus aurantium from Morocco, major terpenes: Impact on biological activities. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26185452"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2486","article-title":"Globe-trotting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Risk factors for arbovirus pandemics","volume":"20","author":"Lwande","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, Z.A., and Thomas, S.J. (2019). Yellow Fever and Dengue: Fever, Hepatitis, and Jaundice in a Returning TravelerFever, Retro-Orbital Headache, Generalized Myalgias, Arthralgias and Bone Pain in a Returning Traveler. Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Problem-Based Approach, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91080-2_35"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4809-0","article-title":"Eugenol, \u03b1-pinene and \u03b2-caryophyllene from Plectranthus barbatus essential oil as eco-friendly larvicides against malaria, dengue and Japanese encephalitis mosquito vectors","volume":"115","author":"Govindarajan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2126-1","article-title":"Impact of Parthenium hysterophorus leaf extracts on the fecundity, fertility and behavioural response of Aedes aegypti L.","volume":"108","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146","article-title":"Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world","volume":"51","author":"Isman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9960-y","article-title":"Plant-borne compounds and nanoparticles: Challenges for medicine, parasitology and entomology","volume":"25","author":"Benelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2023.102991","article-title":"Evaluation of different high doses aqueous plant extracts for the sustainable control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes under laboratory conditions","volume":"35","author":"Ahmad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ.-Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaves, N., Santiago, A., and Al\u00edas, J.C. (2020). Quantification of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts: Analysis of sensitivity and hierarchization based on the method used. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010076"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.3390\/chemistry5040155","article-title":"Achillea fragrantissima essential oil, wild grown in Saudi Arabia and Egypt: Detailed comparative chemical profiling, and evaluation of allelopathic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities","volume":"5","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-009-0360-x","article-title":"Evaluation of in vitro shoots of Artemisia judaica for allelopathic potential","volume":"31","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2006.00080.x","article-title":"Evaluations of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts to Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and other effects on a non target fish","volume":"13","author":"Promsiri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0118-2013","article-title":"Bioactivity of plant extracts on the larval and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidea)","volume":"46","author":"Candido","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/15\/7355\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:18:43Z","timestamp":1760033923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/15\/7355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26157355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26157355","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]}}}