{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:55:33Z","timestamp":1790362533411,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-15-2025-452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2025-452"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","award":["075-03-2025-662"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-03-2025-662"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recent discovery of Orthonairovirus songlingense (SGLV) and Norwavirus beijiense (BJNV) in China has raised significant concern due to their potential to cause severe human disease. However, little is known about the structural features and function of their nucleoproteins, which play a key role in the viral life cycle. By combining small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data and AlphaFold 3 simulations, we reconstructed the BJNV and SGLV nucleoprotein structures for the first time. The SGLV and BJNV nucleoproteins have structures that are broadly similar to those of Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae (CCHFV) nucleoproteins despite low sequence similarity. Based on structural analysis, several residues located in the positively charged region of BJNV and SGLV nucleoproteins have been indicated to be important for viral RNA binding. A positively charged RNA-binding crevice runs along the interior of the SGLV and BJNV ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), shielding the viral RNA. Despite the high structural similarity between SGLV and BJNV nucleoprotein monomers, their RNPs adopt distinct conformations. These findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of viral genome packaging and replication in these emerging pathogens. Also, our work demonstrates that experimental SAXS data can validate and improve predicted AlphaFold 3 structures to reflect their solution structure and also provides the first low-resolution structures of the BJNV and SGLV nucleoproteins for the future development of POC tests, vaccines, and antiviral drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T15:56:16Z","timestamp":1754409376000},"page":"7445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Structural Features of Nucleoproteins from the Recently Discovered Orthonairovirus songlingense and Norwavirus beijiense"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Alexey O.","family":"Yanshin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"},{"name":"Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria I.","family":"Ivkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaliy Yu.","family":"Tuyrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6942-0840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina A.","family":"Osinkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton E.","family":"Tishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei E.","family":"Olkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egor O.","family":"Ukladov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Educational Center Institute of Chemical Technology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"SRF \u201cSKIF\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9524-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita S.","family":"Radchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey G.","family":"Arkhipov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Educational Center Institute of Chemical Technology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"SRF \u201cSKIF\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3719-1464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury L.","family":"Ryzhykau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8476-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, No. 99, Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2577-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Agafonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilnaz R.","family":"Imatdinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7396-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia V.","family":"Gladysheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology \u201cVector\u201d, 630559 Kol\u2019tsovo, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00845-3","article-title":"The Human-Infection Potential of Emerging Tick-Borne Viruses Is a Global Public Health Concern","volume":"21","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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