{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T17:56:01Z","timestamp":1779904561920,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Complex Projects Partnership Program CDI (PCCDI) in priority areas\u2014PN III under UEFISCDI authority, project code PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0083","award":["37PCCDI\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37PCCDI\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Complex Projects Partnership Program CDI (PCCDI) in priority areas\u2014PN III under UEFISCDI authority, project code PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0083","award":["PCE 115\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCE 115\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS-UEFISCDI","award":["37PCCDI\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["37PCCDI\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS-UEFISCDI","award":["PCE 115\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCE 115\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liposomes (LPs) represent one of the most effective nanoscale platforms for drug delivery in cancer therapy due to their favorable pharmacokinetic and various body tissue compatibility profiles. Building on recent findings showing that carbon dots derived from N-hydroxyphthalimide (CDs-NHF) possess intrinsic antitumor activity, herein, we investigate the possibility of preparing complex nano-platforms composed of LPs encapsulating CDs-NHF and\/or doxorubicin (DOX) for breast and lung cancer. Various LP formulations were prepared and characterized using Cryo-TEM and Cryo-SEM for morphological analysis, while zeta potential and fluorescence assessments confirmed their stability and optical properties. Cellular effects were evaluated through immunofluorescence microscopy and proliferation assays. LPs-CDs-NHF significantly reduced cancer cell viability at lower concentrations compared to free CDs-NHF, and this effect was further amplified when combined with doxorubicin. Mechanistically, the liposomal formulations downregulated key signaling molecules including pAKT, pmTOR, and pERK, indicating the disruption of cancer-related pathways. These findings suggest that LPs containing CDs-NHF, either alone or in combination with DOX, exhibit synergistic antitumor activity and hold strong promise as multifunctional nanocarriers for future oncological applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1754466311000},"page":"7535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Carbon Dot-Enhanced Doxorubicin Liposomes: A Dual-Functional Nanoplatform for Cancer Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina-Lenuta","family":"Logigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-0852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Peptu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corneliu S.","family":"Stan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Luta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1469-9153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Crina Elena","family":"Tiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4021-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Pinteala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6994-868X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Fory\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Simionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cPetru Poni\u201d Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanta","family":"Ibanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7006-5884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Tiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina A.","family":"Peptu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, \u201cGheorghe Asachi\u201d Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasouni, A., Chatzimitakos, T., and Stalikas, C. 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