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In teleost fish, which lack M\u00fcllerian ducts, Amh primarily influences male reproductive functions, including sex determination, testis differentiation, and germ cell proliferation. In adult fish, Amh supports gonad development and spermatogenesis, but its role in teleost gonadal physiology remains largely underexplored. This study reveals a novel steroidogenic function in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using in vitro testis culture, in vivo plasmid injection, and cell-based transactivation assays. The Amh-induced significant increase in androgen levels was also confirmed in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) treated with recombinant sea bass Amh. Beyond activating the canonical Smad pathway, Amh also triggered the cAMP\/PKA signalling pathway via its cognate type II receptor, Amhr2. Inhibitors of these pathways independently and synergistically counteracted Amh-induced CRE-Luc activity, indicating pathway crosstalk. Moreover, inhibition of the cAMP pathway suppressed Amh-induced androgen production in testis cultures, emphasizing the crucial role of protein kinase A in mediating Amh steroidogenic action. These findings uncover a novel steroidogenic function of Amh in teleosts and highlight its broader role in male reproductive physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T07:45:11Z","timestamp":1754466311000},"page":"7554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel Steroidogenic Action of Anti-M\u00fcllerian Hormone in Teleosts: Evidence from the European Sea Bass Male (Dicentrarchus labrax)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8794-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Mascoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, 12595 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9326-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinta","family":"Zapater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, 12595 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soledad","family":"Iba\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, 12595 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateus Contar","family":"Adolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9882-5948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manfred","family":"Schartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Life Sciences\/<i>Xiphophorus<\/i> Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA"},{"name":"Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, 5310 Mondsee, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4714-8064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Torre la Sal, 12595 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000129690","article-title":"Professor Alfred Jost: The Builder of Modern Sex Differentiation","volume":"2","author":"Josso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex. 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