{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:02:26Z","timestamp":1788969746352,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP19678607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP19678607"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The rhythm of epileptiform activity occurs in various brain injuries (ischemia, stroke, concussion, mechanical damage, AD, PD). The epileptiform rhythm is accompanied by periodic Ca2+ pulses, which are necessary for the neurotransmitter release, the repair of damaged connections between neurons, and the growth of new projections. The duration and amplitude of these pulses depend on intracellular calcium-binding proteins. The effect of the synthetic fast calcium buffer BAPTA on the epileptiform activity of neurons induced by the GABA(A)-receptor inhibitor, bicuculline, was investigated in a 14-DIV rat hippocampal culture. In the epileptiform activity mode, neurons periodically synchronously generate action potential (AP) bursts in the form of paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS) clusters and their corresponding high-amplitude Ca2+ pulses. Changes in the paroxysmal activity and Ca2+ pulses were recorded continuously for 10\u201311 min as BAPTA accumulated. It was shown that during BAPTA accumulation, transformation of neuronal patch activity occurs. Moreover, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons respond differently to the presence of calcium buffer. Experiments were performed on two populations of neurons: a population of GABAergic neurons that responded selectively to ATPA, a calcium-permeable GluK1 kainate receptor agonist, and a population of glutamatergic neurons with a large amplitude of cluster depolarization (greater than \u221220 mV). These neurons made up the majority of neurons. In the population of GABAergic neurons, during BAPTA accumulation, the amplitude of PDS clusters decreases, which leads to a switch from the PDS mode to the classical burst mode with an increase in the electrical activity of the neuron. In glutamatergic neurons, the duration of PDS clusters decreased during BAPTA accumulation. However, the amplitude changed little. The data obtained showed that endogenous calcium-binding proteins play a significant role in switching the epileptiform rhythm to the recovery rhythm and perform a neuroprotective function by reducing the duration of impulses in excitatory neurons and the amplitude of impulses in inhibitory neurons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T10:13:51Z","timestamp":1754475231000},"page":"7596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Intracellular Calcium Buffer Bapta on Epileptiform Activity of Hippocampal Neurons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"V. P.","family":"Zinchenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center \u201cPushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences\u201d, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Yu.","family":"Teplov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center \u201cPushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences\u201d, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. V.","family":"Tyurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research Center \u201cPushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences\u201d, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. E.","family":"Malibayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. K.","family":"Kairat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. T.","family":"Tuleukhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.02.149","article-title":"Involvement of NMDA and GABA(A) receptors in modulation of spontaneous activity in hippocampal culture: Interrelations between burst firing and intracellular calcium signal","volume":"553","author":"Teplov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubista, H., Boehm, S., and Hotka, M. (2019). The Paroxysmal Depolarization Shift: Reconsidering Its Role in Epilepsy, Epileptogenesis and Beyond. Int. J. Mol. 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