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Healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four individual groups (n = 6): (1) a control group; (2) an LPS group; (3) an LPS + Lactobacillus group; and (4) an LPS + Bacillus group. The control and LPS groups received a basal diet, while the probiotic groups were provided with the same basal diet supplemented with 6 \u00d7 106 cfu\/g of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) or a combination of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) at a dosage of 3 \u00d7 106 cfu\/g, respectively. On day 31 of the trial, overnight-fasted piglets were killed following the administration of either LPS or 0.9% NaCl solution. Blood samples and intestinal tissues were obtained for further analysis several hours later. The results indicate that dietary supplementation with probiotics significantly exhibited health-promoting effects compared with the control group and effectively reduced LPS-induced histomorphological damage to the small intestine, impairments in barrier function, and dysregulated immune responses via modulation of enzyme activity and the expression of relevant genes, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), claudin-1, nuclear-associatedantigenki-67 (Ki-67), and \u03b2-defensins-1 (pBD-1). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with probiotics could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal injury by enhancing the immunity and anti-inflammatory responses in piglets. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the rational application of probiotics in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T12:15:40Z","timestamp":1754568940000},"page":"7646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dietary Supplementation with Probiotics Alleviates Intestinal Injury in LPS-Challenged Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junmei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoxin","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqing","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2017.08.003","article-title":"Probiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"46","author":"Abraham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. 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