{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:38:08Z","timestamp":1788482288737,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Diabetes Association","award":["10.05.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.05.2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galectin-3 (Gal-3) secreted by activated macrophages is involved in inflammation, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. It is considered a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. This study assessed the association between serum Gal-3, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and colorectal polyps (CRPs). In this cross-sectional study, 80 non-cancer patients undergoing colonoscopy were divided into four subgroups based on T2D and CRP status. Serum Gal-3 and metabolic parameters were measured. All patients\u2019 mean serum Gal-3 level was 13.63 ng\/mL. Gal-3 levels were significantly higher in T2D+ than in the T2D\u2212 group (14.93 ng\/mL, p = 0.02). Gal-3 concentration correlated significantly with age (rho = 0.281; p = 0.012), gender (rho = 0.220; p = 0.049), serum peptide C levels (rho = 0.957; p = 0.006), and serum IGF-1 levels (rho = \u22120.417; p &lt; 0.001) in all patients, and for patients T2D-, it also correlated significantly with fasting plasma glucose levels (rho = \u22120.406; p = 0.009). A logistic regression analysis of the risk of polyps was conducted (CRP+ vs. CRP\u2212) considering factors such as gender, age, body weight, waist circumference, T2D, HOMA-IR, insulin, API, IGF-1, total cholesterol, and Gal-3. Gal-3 serum was shown to be a strong independent predictor of CRPs regardless of the presence of T2D+ (p = 0.031). Gal-3 may correlate with the development of CRPs and might be a candidate biomarker of CRPs\/cancer development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T09:56:42Z","timestamp":1754647002000},"page":"7662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cross-Sectional Study of Serum Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Colorectal Polyps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0616-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Storman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-304 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5851-2856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Przyby\u0142kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-304 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-8885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leszek","family":"Czupryniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-304 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, May 10). 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