{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:42:40Z","timestamp":1790912560237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":173,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania","award":["32153\/10\/16.12.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32153\/10\/16.12.2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Resistant starch (RS) is emerging as a multifunctional dietary component and delivery platform for microbiota-accessible carbohydrates. Upon fermentation by gut microbiota, particularly in the colon, RS generates a wide spectrum of postbiotic compounds\u2014including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoles, bile acid derivatives, and neuroactive amines such as GABA and serotonin precursors. These metabolites modulate gut\u2013brain signaling, immune responses, and intestinal barrier integrity, which are critical pathways in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This review synthesizes current knowledge on RS structure, classification, and fermentation dynamics, with a special focus on RS3 due to its practical dietary relevance and strong microbiota-modulatory effects. We highlight emerging evidence from clinical studies supporting RS-mediated improvements in IBS symptoms, microbial diversity, and inflammation. Importantly, RS acts as a smart colonic delivery system by escaping enzymatic digestion in the small intestine and reaching the colon intact, where it serves as a targeted substrate for microbial fermentation into bioactive metabolites. This host\u2013microbiota interplay underpins the development of personalized, microbiome-informed nutrition interventions tailored to specific IBS subtypes. Future directions include omics-based stratification, optimized RS formulations, and predictive algorithms for individualized responses. This review aims to clarify the mechanistic links between RS fermentation and postbiotic production, highlighting its therapeutic potential in IBS management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T14:32:36Z","timestamp":1754922756000},"page":"7753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Resistant Starch and Microbiota-Derived Secondary Metabolites: A Focus on Postbiotic Pathways in Gut Health and Irritable Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eniko","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Laboratory, CDS3, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6872-9557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katalin","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technological Transfer Center COMPAC, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-8538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodica-Anita","family":"Varvara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1297-6345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Uif\u00e3lean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Analysis, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Cozma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 4th of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2476-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romana","family":"Vulturar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Sciences, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8590-4583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adela Viviana","family":"Sitar-Taut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 4th of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0037-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosita","family":"Gabbianelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari C. W.","family":"Myhrstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0874-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vibeke H.","family":"Telle-Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga Hilda","family":"Or\u00e3\u0219an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 4th of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Ha\u021bieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1124-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Fodor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Clinicilor St., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8306-8670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramona","family":"Suharoschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea M\u0103n\u0103\u0219tur, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Molecular Nutrition and Proteomics Laboratory, CDS3, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7823-4390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona-Codru\u0163a","family":"Heghe\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Analysis, \u201cIuliu Ha\u021bieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.04.014","article-title":"Worldwide Prevalence and Burden of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Results of Rome Foundation Global Study","volume":"160","author":"Sperber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arif, T.B., Ali, S.H., Bhojwani, K.D., Sadiq, M., Siddiqui, A.A., Ur-Rahman, A., Khan, M.Z., Hasan, F., and Shahzil, M. 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