{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:27:58Z","timestamp":1790141278067,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The PlazMagik device is a dual-gas cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) system that was developed and used for skin rejuvenation and inflammation treatment. However, preclinical evaluation and optimization of plasma parameters are crucial for guaranteeing safety. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the safety of the PlazMagik device under multiple parameters with different gas resources (helium (He) and argon (Ar) gases) on pig dorsal skin. After application of PlazMagik to the pig\u2019s dorsal skin, temperature and visual assessments were observed immediately and for up to 30 days. All clinical parameters, including body weight and blood serum biochemistry, along with histopathological analysis (H&amp;E, MT, VB, NBTC staining), were monitored pre-application and at 1, 7, 15, and 30 days post-application of the plasma device. Our results confirmed the safety of the machine at low-output energy settings, which showed gentle skin exfoliation but no tissue damage, while high-output settings led to the skin erosion effect, then developing erythema and coagulation. Ar gas resulted in more significant heat production and pathological changes than He under identical conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of the preclinical evaluation of the energy settings and gas selection on optimizing CAP system performance for safe clinical applications and appropriate application purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:44:21Z","timestamp":1755186261000},"page":"7854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of a Helium\/Argon-Generated Cold Atmospheric Plasma Device\u2019s Safety Utilizing a Pig Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5615-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4541-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy-Tien Thi","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study Center, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh Le Thi","family":"Thuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong 180000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Ngan","family":"Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Device Development, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8672-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Xun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study Center, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gun-Young","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gowoonsesang Dermatology Clinic, Seoul 06055, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boncheol Leo","family":"Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naeum Dermatology and Aesthetics Clinic, Seoul 04512, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung-Su","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naeum Dermatology and Aesthetics Clinic, Seoul 04512, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Soo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agnes Medical, Seongnam 13591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1419-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pham Ngoc","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study Center, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9003-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan-Yeong","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study Center, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Medical Device Development, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinin, L., Grinin, A., and Korotayev, A. 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