{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:37:49Z","timestamp":1790764669577,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz"},{"name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although omalizumab is currently approved for a limited number of indications\u2014such as asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and chronic spontaneous urticaria\u2014its potential applications are expanding each year. Owing to its diverse and not yet fully elucidated mechanism of action, including effects on both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions with delayed onset, this monoclonal antibody may be beneficial in a wide range of allergic and non-allergic conditions. To date, numerous clinical trials and case reports have documented the successful off-label use of omalizumab. It appears particularly promising for patients with difficult-to-treat hypersensitivities, such as food and drug allergies, which continue to pose significant challenges in modern allergology. Even though further research is needed to establish clear indications for its use in these contexts, omalizumab holds considerable potential to enhance the outcomes and clinical efficacy of food immunotherapy and drug desensitization protocols. The aim of this review is to present the current and potential future applications of omalizumab as an adjunctive treatment in food allergy therapy and in desensitization protocols for patients with hypersensitivity to selected drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:44:21Z","timestamp":1755186261000},"page":"7868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Expanding Role of Omalizumab: From Food Allergy to Drug Desensitization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Bernadetta","family":"Kosztulska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Rydzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8328-1386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Bartuzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Grze\u015bk-Kaczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5957-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Ukleja-Soko\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.11.005","article-title":"Omalizumab safety concerns","volume":"155","author":"Pongdee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1215OC","article-title":"Omalizumab for Aspirin Hypersensitivity and Leukotriene Overproduction in Aspirin-exacerbated Respiratory Disease. A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"201","author":"Hayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.07.037","article-title":"Omalizumab for drug allergy","volume":"120","author":"Matheu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000744","article-title":"Omalizumab as monotherapy for food allergy","volume":"21","author":"Arasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.11.036","article-title":"Omalizumab in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2023.06.026","article-title":"Recent updates in urticaria","volume":"161","author":"Manzanares","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Clin."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23234","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treated with omalizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab: A systematic review of the current knowledge towards an attempt to compare agents\u2019 efficacy","volume":"14","author":"Papacharalampous","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2020.01.004","article-title":"Roles of omalizumab in various allergic diseases","volume":"69","author":"Okayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"8163803","article-title":"IgE-Related Chronic Diseases and Anti-IgE-Based Treatments","volume":"2016","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312382","article-title":"Omalizumab for the Treatment of Multiple Food Allergies","volume":"390","author":"Wood","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.16464","article-title":"Omalizumab for management of hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer drugs","volume":"54","author":"Grover","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8490-y","article-title":"Off-Label Uses of Omalizumab","volume":"50","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000648","article-title":"Omalizumab and other biologics in drug desensitization","volume":"20","author":"Fernandez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.08.037","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in hypereosinophilic syndrome: A phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"146","author":"Roufosse","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2025, June 15). Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cder\/daf\/index.cfm?event=overview.process&ApplNo=761399."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2013). Guideline on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices (GVP) Annex I\u2013Definitions (Rev 2), European Medicines Agency (EMA). EMA\/876333\/2011 Rev 2*."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2022.12.011","article-title":"Off-Label Use vs Off-Label Marketing of Drugs: Part 1: Off-Label Use-Patient Harms and Prescriber Responsibilities","volume":"8","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S40232","article-title":"Ethical and legal framework and regulation for off-label use: European perspective","volume":"10","author":"Lenk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2025, June 29). Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/xolair."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2025, August 04). Available online: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/103976s5245lbl.pdf."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.12.022","article-title":"Revisiting Desensitization and Allergen Immunotherapy Concepts for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11","volume":"4","author":"Tanno","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04296.x","article-title":"Clinical immunology review series: An approach to desensitization","volume":"163","author":"Krishna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15240","article-title":"Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease","volume":"77","author":"Cerci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.918","article-title":"Feast for thought: A comprehensive review of food allergy 2021\u20132023","volume":"153","author":"Bartha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.11.005","article-title":"Mechanisms of food allergy","volume":"141","author":"Sampson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.01.023","article-title":"Impact of Omalizumab on Food Allergy in Patients Treated for Asthma: A Real-Life Study","volume":"7","author":"Fiocchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16314","article-title":"Omalizumab reduces anaphylactic reactions and allows food introduction in food-allergic in children with severe asthma: An observational study","volume":"80","author":"Arasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2022.100690","article-title":"The rationale for development of ligelizumab in food allergy","volume":"15","author":"Wood","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2025, June 16). Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04984876."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16404","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Children With Peanut Allergy: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase II Study","volume":"80","author":"Sindher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Martinis, M., Sirufo, M.M., Suppa, M., and Ginaldi, L. (2020). New Perspectives in Food Allergy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041474"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.111","article-title":"Food allergy: Immune mechanisms, diagnosis and immunotherapy","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13443","article-title":"Update on food allergy","volume":"32","author":"Peters","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00786-1","article-title":"Allergen immunotherapy: Past, present and future","volume":"23","author":"Durham","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PALISADE Group of Clinical Investigators (2018). AR101 Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy. N. Engl. J. Med., 379, 1991\u20132001.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812856"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.12.029","article-title":"Continuous and Daily Oral Immunotherapy for Peanut Allergy: Results from a 2-Year Open-Label Follow-On Study","volume":"9","author":"Vickery","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212895","article-title":"Phase 3 Trial of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy in Toddlers with Peanut Allergy","volume":"388","author":"Greenhawt","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2500\/jfa.2022.4.220026","article-title":"Sublingual immunotherapy as an option for effective food allergy treatment","volume":"4","author":"Bajowala","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Allergy"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.005","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of omalizumab combined with oral immunotherapy for the treatment of cow\u2019s milk allergy","volume":"137","author":"Wood","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.12.1022","article-title":"Treatment of multi-food allergy with omalizumab compared to omalizumab-facilitated multi-allergen OIT","volume":"155","author":"Wood","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30392-8","article-title":"Anti-IgE treatment with oral immunotherapy in multifood allergic participants: A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Andorf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2025.101032","article-title":"Rapid food desensitization associated with omalizumab before oral immunotherapy","volume":"18","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2025.101069","article-title":"Biologics in IgE-mediated food allergy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies","volume":"18","author":"Nurmatov","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buono, E.V., Giann\u00ec, G., Scavone, S., Esposito, S., and Caffarelli, C. (2025). Omalizumab and Oral Immunotherapy in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy in Children: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18030437"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v50i3.537","article-title":"Long-term outcome of omalizumab-assisted desensitisation to cow\u2019s milk and eggs in patients refractory to conventional oral immunotherapy: Real-life study","volume":"50","author":"Cruz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.05.014","article-title":"Introduction of Allergenic Foods After Treatment with Omalizumab","volume":"156","author":"Dantzer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2025, June 17). Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04045301."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70002","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.70002","article-title":"GA2LEN ANACARE consensus statement: Potential of omalizumab in food allergy management","volume":"14","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.11.011","article-title":"Practical advances in drug hypersensitivity","volume":"2","author":"Castells","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae046","article-title":"Drug hypersensitivity reactions: Review of the state of the science for prediction and diagnosis","volume":"200","author":"Pallardy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2021.438","article-title":"Desensitization for the prevention of drug hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"37","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2017.07.009","article-title":"Frequency of self-reported drug allergy: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression","volume":"119","author":"Fonseca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000649","article-title":"Editorial: Advances in hypersensitivity drug reactions","volume":"20","author":"Blanca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"501","article-title":"Drug Hypersensitivity","volume":"115","author":"Proksch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rzteblatt Int."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"346","article-title":"Rapid Desensitization for Insulin Allergy in Type 1 Diabetes Using an Insulin Pump: A Case Report and Literature Review","volume":"7","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"AACE Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0496","article-title":"Successful Desensitization to Oxaliplatin After a Single Initial Dose of Omalizumab in a Patient with Elevated IgE Levels","volume":"30","author":"Penella","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"2205","article-title":"The place of Omalizumab in the treatment of Carboplatin hypersensitivity","volume":"26","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. BUON"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12086","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12086","article-title":"Omalizumab for successful chemotherapy desensitisation: What we know so far","volume":"11","author":"Bumbacea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13591","article-title":"Role of omalizumab in insulin hypersensitivity: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Mishra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13783","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13783","article-title":"Omalizumab may facilitate drug desensitization in patients failing standard protocols","volume":"33","author":"Gulmez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2013.08.012","article-title":"Retrospective study of drug-induced anaphylaxis treated in the emergency department or hospital: Patient characteristics, management, and 1-year follow-up","volume":"2","author":"Banerji","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, N., Xie, X., Zhu, T., and Wang, Y. (2025). A real-world pharmacovigilance study of omalizumab using disproportionality analysis in the FDA adverse drug events reporting system database. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91463-5"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.4.1141","article-title":"Clinical features of hypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin","volume":"17","author":"Markman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gore.2021.100880","article-title":"The anti-IgE monoclonal antibody omalizumab as adjuvant treatment in desensitization to carboplatin in patients with ovarian cancer","volume":"38","author":"Vultaggio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gynecol. Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"505","article-title":"Use of omalizumab in carboplatin desensitisation, our experience","volume":"71","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"736","article-title":"Failure of adjuvant omalizumab in drug desensitization","volume":"74","author":"Cuevas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.09.050","article-title":"Omalizumab-Induced Aspirin Tolerance in Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Patients Is Independent of Atopic Sensitization","volume":"10","author":"Quint","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0783ED","article-title":"Does IgE Have a Role in Aspirin-exacerbated Respiratory Disease?","volume":"201","author":"Busse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0734","article-title":"Multitool Approach for High-Risk Aspirin Desensitization in a Pregnant Woman","volume":"32","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.05.019","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in the omalizumab pregnancy registry and a disease-matched comparator cohort","volume":"145","author":"Namazy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-021-00554-1","article-title":"The complexities of insulin allergy: A case and approach","volume":"17","author":"Aberumand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2017.06.001","article-title":"Subcutaneous Injectable Drugs Hypersensitivity and Desensitization: Insulin and Monoclonal Antibodies","volume":"37","author":"Bavbek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol. Allergy Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Said, R., Goda, R., Abdalrahman, I.B., and Erwa, N.H.H. (2023). Case report: Insulin desensitization as the only option for managing insulin allergy in a Sudanese patient. Front. Allergy, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2023.1089966"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01567.x","article-title":"Insulin allergy: Clinical manifestations and management strategies","volume":"63","author":"Heinzerling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2010.01074.x","article-title":"Refractory insulin allergy: Pancreas transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy alone?","volume":"23","author":"Malaise","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0115","article-title":"Successful use of omalizumab in an inadequately controlled type 2 diabetic patient with severe insulin allergy","volume":"35","author":"Muggli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0808282","article-title":"Rituximab and omalizumab in severe, refractory insulin allergy","volume":"360","author":"Yong","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2020.1818769","article-title":"Effect of omalizumab use on glucose homeostasis in non-diabetic patients with chronic urticaria","volume":"39","author":"Erdemir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123172","article-title":"Targeting histamine in metabolic syndrome: Insights and therapeutic potential","volume":"358","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"1","article-title":"Omalizumab-adjuvanted desensitization to Comirnaty\u00ae in a patient with previous PEG anaphylaxis","volume":"3","author":"Radice","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep. J."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"199","article-title":"Inclusion of omalizumab in a trastuzumab desensitization protocol","volume":"46","year":"2022","journal-title":"Farm. Hosp."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2021.110072","article-title":"Efficacy of omalizumab in reducing latex allergy","volume":"38","author":"Aruanno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.11.020","article-title":"Effect of omalizumab in health care workers with occupational latex allergy","volume":"113","author":"Leynadier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e743","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17549","article-title":"Omalizumab prevents anaphylactoid reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine","volume":"35","author":"Smola","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S242058","article-title":"Latex Allergy: Current Status and Future Perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Nucera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100569","article-title":"Update on latex allergy: New insights into an old problem","volume":"14","author":"Parisi","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-025-03844-8","article-title":"How to manage hypersensitivity reactions to enzyme replacement therapy in lysosomal storage diseases?","volume":"20","author":"Spataro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16311","article-title":"HLA-DR+ regulatory T cells and IL-10 are associated with success or failure of desensitization outcomes","volume":"80","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08859-0","article-title":"Current Perspectives on Severe Drug Eruption","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2024.100935","article-title":"The systemic treatments for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) beyond corticosteroids","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.899823","article-title":"Levofloxacin Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Successful Therapy with Omalizumab (Anti-IgE) and Pulse Prednisolone","volume":"17","author":"Uzun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.09.036","article-title":"The usefulness of omalizumab in low response to corticosteroids DRESS syndrome: A case series","volume":"12","author":"Dupire","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13682","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13682","article-title":"Transcriptome changes during peanut oral immunotherapy and omalizumab treatment","volume":"33","author":"Merid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/16\/7868\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:27:51Z","timestamp":1760034471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/16\/7868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26167868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26167868","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]}}}