{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:41:29Z","timestamp":1791855689846,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":162,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HT9425-23-1-1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425-23-1-1084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The John M. and Jocelyn H.K. Watkins Distinguished Chair in Cell Therapies","award":["HT9425-23-1-1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425-23-1-1084"]}]},{"name":"The Buoniconti Fund and The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis","award":["HT9425-23-1-1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HT9425-23-1-1084"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a devastating neurological condition characterized by loss of sensory, motor and autonomic function. Despite decades of research, no FDA-approved regenerative therapies currently exist to restore lost function following SCI. Schwann cells (SCs) support axon regeneration, remyelination, and neuroprotection after SCI, with their therapeutic potential validated in clinical trials demonstrating safe and feasible transplantation in humans. Although SC transplantation has shown promising results, challenges remain, including modest graft survival, limited host integration, and restricted migration that collectively contribute to constrain efficacy. To address these limitations, biomaterial scaffolds have been explored as synergistic platforms to enhance SC delivery and function. When combined with natural or synthetic biomaterials such as hydrogels, nanofiber scaffolds, or ECM-mimetic matrices, SCs demonstrate improved survival, retention, spatial distribution, and regenerative activity. The intrinsic regenerative properties of SCs, first demonstrated in models of peripheral nerve injury, make them particularly well-suited for neural repair of the central nervous system (CNS) compared to other cell types and their effectiveness can be enhanced synergistically when combined with biomaterials. These constructs not only provide structural support but also modulate the lesion microenvironment, enhance axon growth and improve SC integration with host tissue. Combinatorial approaches incorporating biomaterials with SCs are emerging as next-generation strategies to optimize repair for clinical translation. This review focuses on current progress in SC-based therapies combined with biomaterials, highlighting key preclinical advances, clinical translation efforts, and the path forward toward effective regenerative interventions for SCI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T16:22:33Z","timestamp":1755534153000},"page":"7922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Engineered Healing: Synergistic Use of Schwann Cells and Biomaterials for Spinal Cord Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9169-6047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theo","family":"Andriot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7779-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mousumi","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"The Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damien D.","family":"Pearse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"The Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00287-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"22","author":"Safdarian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217703387","article-title":"A clinical practice guideline for the management of acute spinal cord injury: Introduction, rationale, and scope","volume":"7","author":"Fehlings","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob. 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