{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:29:15Z","timestamp":1791556155813,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects approximately 14% of pregnancies globally and has been hypothesized to be influenced by periconceptional and early pregnancy folic acid (FA) supplementation, a practice recommended to prevent neural tube defects. To evaluate this association, we conducted a systematic review of studies published between 2015 and 2024 examining FA use and GDM risk. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria, including ten cohort studies and two case-control studies. While findings were mixed, several prospective studies suggested that high daily FA intake (\u2265800 \u03bcg) or prolonged use (&gt;3\u20136 months) may be associated with increased odds of GDM, especially when initiated preconceptionally. Conversely, standard-dose supplementation (\u2248400 \u03bcg) appeared neutral or potentially protective in some populations. Notably, high folate status combined with low vitamin B12 was linked to increased GDM risk, suggesting metabolic interaction. Overall, most studies were of moderate to high methodological quality. Although current evidence is inconclusive, these results support cautious use of high-dose FA supplementation and the importance of individualized prenatal nutrition, particularly considering B12 status. Further research is needed to clarify biological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T16:22:33Z","timestamp":1755534153000},"page":"7977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Folic Acid Supplementation and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1737-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro Salvador","family":"G\u00f3mez-Cabrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonal\u00e1 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6923-9771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Elizabeth","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonal\u00e1 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6940-5899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolando","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonal\u00e1 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda Isadora","family":"Corona-Meraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonal\u00e1 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0273-4740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal Cuauhtemoc","family":"Baptista-Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud-Enfermedad como Proceso Individual, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonal\u00e1 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de Intervenci\u00f3n de Medicina Cr\u00edtica, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretar\u00eda de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Guadalupe","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Parada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonal\u00e1, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonal\u00e1 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00825-0","article-title":"Epidemiology and Management of Gestational Diabetes","volume":"404","author":"Sweeting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Estimation of Global and Regional Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence for 2021 by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group\u2019s Criteria","volume":"183","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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