{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T17:07:17Z","timestamp":1781716037933,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["CTI230002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTI230002"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["1220470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1220470"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico)","award":["CTI230002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTI230002"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico)","award":["1220470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1220470"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Grape pomace is a major by-product of winemaking and a rich source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential. The Carm\u00e9n\u00e8re variety, emblematic of Chilean viticulture, remains underutilized despite its high anthocyanin and flavanol content. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective method to recover and stabilize bioactive compounds from Carm\u00e9n\u00e8re grape pomace. Five extracts were obtained using ethanol\u2013water mixtures (0\u2013100%) and characterized by HPLC-DAD and antioxidant assays (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC-FL). The 80% ethanol extract (EET-80) showed the highest antioxidant capacity (FRAP: 2909.3 \u00b1 37.6; ORAC-FL: 1864.3 \u00b1 157.8 \u00b5mol TE\/g dw) and was selected for microencapsulation via spray drying using maltodextrin. This scalable technique protects thermosensitive compounds and enhances their applicability. The optimized 1:50 extract-to-carrier ratio achieved high encapsulation efficiency (85.7 \u00b1 0.7%). In Caco-2 cells, the microencapsulated extract (5\u2013250 \u00b5g\/mL) showed no alteration in metabolic activity and significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels (65% inhibition at 250 \u00b5g\/mL). Solvent polarity selectively influenced polyphenol recovery\u201450% ethanol favored catechin (581.1 \u00b5g\/g) and epicatechin (1788.3 \u00b5g\/g), while 80% ethanol enhanced malvidin-3-O-glucoside (118.0 \u00b5g\/g). These findings support the valorization of Carm\u00e9n\u00e8re grape pomace as a sustainable source of antioxidants and highlight the role of microencapsulation in improving extract stability and functionality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26167994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T11:41:41Z","timestamp":1755603701000},"page":"7994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Valorization of Carm\u00e9n\u00e8re Grape Pomace: Extraction, Microencapsulation, and Evaluation of the Bioactivity of Polyphenols in Caco-2 Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6898-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Valenzuela-Bustamante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Excelencia en Nanotecnolog\u00eda Leitat Chile, Fundaci\u00f3n Leitat Chile, Rom\u00e1n D\u00edaz 532, Providencia, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Cornejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Excelencia en Nanotecnolog\u00eda Leitat Chile, Fundaci\u00f3n Leitat Chile, Rom\u00e1n D\u00edaz 532, Providencia, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Excelencia en Nanotecnolog\u00eda Leitat Chile, Fundaci\u00f3n Leitat Chile, Rom\u00e1n D\u00edaz 532, Providencia, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6161-5998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Concepci\u00f3n-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3891-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Bridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Farmacol\u00f3gica y Toxicol\u00f3gica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas y Farmac\u00e9uticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5049-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Rinc\u00f3n-Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380000, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad de Almer\u00eda, La Ca\u00f1ada de San Urbano s\/n, 04120 Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Porras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9404-1193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano Costa","family":"de Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0046-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Fernanda","family":"Arias-Sant\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Excelencia en Nanotecnolog\u00eda Leitat Chile, Fundaci\u00f3n Leitat Chile, Rom\u00e1n D\u00edaz 532, Providencia, Santiago 8380000, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, El L\u00edbano 5524, Macul, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huam\u00e1n-Castilla, N.L., Gajardo-Parra, N., P\u00e9rez-Correa, J.R., Canales, R.I., Mart\u00ednez-Cifuentes, M., Contreras-Contreras, G., and Mariotti-Celis, M.S. (2023). Enhanced Polyphenols Recovery from Grape Pomace: A Comparison of Pressurized and Atmospheric Extractions with Deep Eutectic Solvent Aqueous Mixtures. 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