{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T14:48:48Z","timestamp":1764859728710,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VIA CARPATIA Universities of Technology Network","award":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2577\/VC\/WB-II\u015a\/2\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2577\/VC\/WB-II\u015a\/2\/2023"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Science","award":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2577\/VC\/WB-II\u015a\/2\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MEiN\/2022\/DPI\/2577\/VC\/WB-II\u015a\/2\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study conducted a multi-directional evaluation of the chemical potential and biological properties of selected European fungal species of the genus Phellinus. We investigated 30 samples belonging to 22 Phellinus species. Fruiting bodies were collected, among other specimens, in the Bia\u0142owie\u017ca Forest (Poland); Village Kozhle (North Macedonia); Estremadura, Sesimbra, and Lagoa de Albufeira (Portugal); Zlatari close to Prishtina (Kosovo); and Spoleto and the Bosco Siro Negri State Nature Reserve (Italy). Morphological identification of the collected fungi was carried out, and genetic tests were performed to confirm the identity of the collected specimens. Methanol extracts for biological activity tests were prepared. Screening of antimicrobial activity of 30 methanolic extracts was performed on strains of bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Kocuria rhizophila) and fungi (Candida albicans). Antioxidant activity tests (DPPH and ABTS) were also performed. The three most biologically active fungi species were selected (Phellinus igniarius, Fomitiporia robusta, and Porodaedalea pini) for further research. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined using GC-MS analysis. Thermal decomposition studies and spectroscopic analysis of the dry fruiting bodies were performed. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Cytotoxic activity was also tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26168013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T13:08:51Z","timestamp":1755608931000},"page":"8013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bioactive Properties of Selected European Phellinus Species: A Comprehensive Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4442-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"\u015awiderski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0839-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Kalinowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2626-0658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Zapora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silviculture and Forest Utilization, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Wo\u0142kowycki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silviculture and Forest Utilization, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9430-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Stocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silviculture and Forest Utilization, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3401-2264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Ciszkowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Bocian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7256-7271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Jaromin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6051-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Tyrka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Lecka-Szlachta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Warszawy 6, 35959 Rzeszow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8390-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Wo\u0142ejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Wydro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E, 15351 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Paw\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin 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St. \u201cEqrem \u00c7abej\u201d, 10 000 Prishtina, Kosovo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2583-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Elena","family":"Girometta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Sant\u2019Epifanio 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitko","family":"Karadelev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, St. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02342F","article-title":"The phytochemistry and pharmacology of medicinal fungi of the genus: 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