{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T07:29:25Z","timestamp":1773473365952,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global emergence of multidrug- and pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a critical threat to public health, particularly in hospital settings. This study describes a nosocomial outbreak caused by K. pneumoniae in a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico and provides a comprehensive genomic analysis of six clinical isolates. All isolates exhibited pandrug resistance, including carbapenems and colistin. Whole-genome sequencing identified 37 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaNDM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-15, and a pmrB R256G mutation associated with colistin resistance. Two conjugative plasmids (pAA046 and pAA276) carried multiple resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. Although all isolates harbored CRISPR-Cas type I-E systems, no spacers matched resistance plasmids, suggesting functional inactivity. Capsular typing identified the KL27 locus with the wzi187 allele. Phylogenetic and cgMLST analyses confirmed clonal dissemination and close genetic relatedness to strains from Europe and the USA. Despite the absence of classical hypervirulence markers, the presence of kfu, fimH, and mrkD genes indicates adaptation to the hospital environment. These findings confirm the clonal spread of pandrug-resistant K. pneumoniae ST392-KL27 in a Mexican hospital, underscoring the role of plasmid-mediated resistance and the potential for global dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26168047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T08:02:44Z","timestamp":1755763364000},"page":"8047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clonal Dissemination of Pandrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST392KL27 in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9409-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iliana Alejandra","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Ort\u00edz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 0776, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6240-3468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enoc Mariano","family":"Cort\u00e9s-Malag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 07760, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9817-6183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Moncada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Hospital Ju\u00e1rez de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 0776, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Acosta-Altamirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City 06726, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6498-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Alejandro","family":"Pineda-Migranas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli 54740, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8632-7508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen Lizzet","family":"Garc\u00eda-Prudencio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli 54740, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1041-0965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Mendieta-Condado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Public Health Laboratory, Jalisco Health Services, Zapopan 45177, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Araiza-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Technological Development and Molecular Research, Instituto de Diagn\u00f3stico y Referencia Epidemiol\u00f3gicos (InDRE) \u201cDr. Manuel Mart\u00ednez B\u00e1ez\u201d, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, Mexico City 01480, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3928-8438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandra Yareth","family":"Bonilla-Cort\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Homeopathy, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1006-592X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Sierra-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Unit, Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3585-0051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Bravata-Alc\u00e1ntara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Unit, Hospital de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Servicios de Salud del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para el Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR), Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.4c01457","article-title":"Examining the Biophysical Properties of the Inner Membrane of Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens","volume":"65","author":"Gazerani","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microb.2025.100289","article-title":"Virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae: Insights into canonical and emerging mechanisms driving pathogenicity and drug resistance","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microbe"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teng, J., Imani, S., Zhou, A., Zhao, Y., Du, L., Deng, S., Li, J., and Wang, Q. (2023). Combatting resistance: Understanding multi-drug resistant pathogens in intensive care units. Biomed. Pharmacother., 167.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115564"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garza-Gonzalez, E., Morfin-Otero, R., Mendoza-Olazaran, S., Bocanegra-Ibarias, P., Flores-Trevino, S., Rodriguez-Noriega, E., Ponce-de-Leon, A., Sanchez-Francia, D., Franco-Cendejas, R., and Arroyo-Escalante, S. (2019). A snapshot of antimicrobial resistance in Mexico. Results from 47 centers from 20 states during a six-month period. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209865"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.10.010","article-title":"Long-term intensive care unit outbreak of carbapenemase-producing organisms associated with contaminated sink drains","volume":"143","author":"Anantharajah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ormala-Tiznado, A.M., Allander, L., Maatallah, M., Kabir, M.H., Brisse, S., Sandegren, L., Patpatia, S., Coorens, M., and Giske, C.G. (2024). Molecular characteristics, fitness, and virulence of high-risk and non-high-risk clones of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol. Spectr., 12.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04036-22"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boralli, C., Paganini, J.A., Meneses, R.S., Mata, C., Leite, E.M.M., Schurch, A.C., Paganelli, F.L., Willems, R.J.L., and Camargo, I. (2023). Characterization of bla(KPC-2) and bla(NDM-1) Plasmids of a K. pneumoniae ST11 Outbreak Clone. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050926"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2021.02.012","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing technologies: An overview","volume":"82","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S253380","article-title":"Association of CRISPR\/Cas System with the Drug Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Androsiuk, L., Maane, S., and Tal, S. (2024). CRISPR spacers acquired from plasmids primarily target backbone genes, making them valuable for predicting potential hosts and host range. Microbiol. Spectr., 12.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00104-24"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa266","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa266","article-title":"Whole Genome Sequencing of Peruvian Klebsiella pneumoniae Identifies Novel Plasmid Vectors Bearing Carbapenem Resistance Gene NDM-1","volume":"7","author":"Roach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quezada-Aguiluz, M., Opazo-Capurro, A., Lincopan, N., Esposito, F., Fuga, B., Mella-Montecino, S., Riedel, G., Lima, C.A., Bello-Toledo, H., and Cifuentes, M. (2022). Novel Megaplasmid Driving NDM-1-Mediated Carbapenem Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST1588 in South America. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11091207"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Samudio, V., Pimentel-Peralta, G., Herrera, M., Pecchio, M., Quintero, J., and Landires, I. (2022). Molecular Genetic Epidemiology of an Emerging Antimicrobial-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clone (ST307) Obtained from Clinical Isolates in Central Panama. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11121817"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S290","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab777","article-title":"Complexity of Genomic Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Colombia Urges the Reinforcement of Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Surveillance Programs","volume":"73","author":"Saavedra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peralta-Macotela, P., Flores-Monzon, B., Lira de Leon, K.I., Sanchez-Tusie, A.A., Rodriguez-Medina, N., Alvarado-Delgado, A., Aguilar-Vera, E., Zumaya-Estrada, F., Garza-Ramos, U., and Garcia-Gutierrez, M.C. (2025). Complete genome sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, and Klebsiella variicola clinical isolates from an epidemiology study. Microbiol. Resour. Announc., 14.","DOI":"10.1128\/mra.01060-24"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrade, F.F., Silva, D., Rodrigues, A., and Pina-Vaz, C. (2020). Colistin Update on Its Mechanism of Action and Resistance, Present and Future Challenges. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111716"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yap, P.S., Cheng, W.H., Chang, S.K., Lim, S.E., and Lai, K.S. (2022). MgrB Mutations and Altered Cell Permeability in Colistin Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11192995"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092412-155751","article-title":"The biology of the PmrA\/PmrB two-component system: The major regulator of lipopolysaccharide modifications","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05055-14","article-title":"Heteroresistance to colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with alterations in the PhoPQ regulatory system","volume":"59","author":"Jayol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olaitan, A.O., Morand, S., and Rolain, J.M. (2014). Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: Acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria. Front. Microbiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00643"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5696","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03110-14","article-title":"MgrB inactivation is a common mechanism of colistin resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of clinical origin","volume":"58","author":"Cannatelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0112824","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01128-24","article-title":"Tracking clonal and plasmid transmission in colistin- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"10","author":"Akintayo","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pfeifer, E., Bonnin, R.A., and Rocha, E.P.C. (2022). Phage-Plasmids Spread Antibiotic Resistance Genes through Infection and Lysogenic Conversion. mBio, 13.","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01851-22"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, Y., Wu, F., Chai, Y., Xu, X., Yang, L., Tian, S., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Yang, C., and Liu, H. (2020). A new plasmid carrying mphA causes prevalence of azithromycin resistance in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli serogroup O6. BMC Microbiol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-01927-z"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Cheng, H., Huang, B., Hu, X., Chen, Y., Zheng, L., Yang, L., Deng, J., and Wang, Q. (2023). Characterization of resistance genes and plasmids from sick children caused by Salmonella enterica resistance to azithromycin in Shenzhen, China. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1116172"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"149","article-title":"Analysis of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons among strains from upper respiratory tract of healthy adults","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0509-3","article-title":"Molecular characterization of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in clinical multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"8","author":"Firoozeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107151","article-title":"Role of CRISPR-cas system on virulence traits and carbapenem resistance in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates","volume":"199","author":"Kadkhoda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Wang, L., Lin, J., Gu, Y., Liu, Z., and Hu, J. (2025). Detection of CRISPR\u2013Cas and type I R-M systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae of human and animal origins and their relationship to antibiotic resistance and virulence. Microbiol. Spectr., 13.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00009-24"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H.Y., Kao, C.Y., Lin, W.H., Zheng, P.X., Yan, J.J., Wang, M.C., Teng, C.H., Tseng, C.C., and Wu, J.J. (2018). Characterization of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Uncovers Its Potential Association with Antibiotic Susceptibility. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01595"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alkompoz, A.K., Hamed, S.M., Zaid, A.S.A., Almangour, T.A., Al-Agamy, M.H., and Aboshanab, K.M. (2023). Correlation of CRISPR\/Cas and Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Recovered from Patients in Egypt Compared to Global Strains. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11081948"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.140206","article-title":"Genomic definition of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal groups","volume":"20","author":"Criscuolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2022.100414","article-title":"Human pandemic K27-ST392 CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae: A one health clone threatening companion animals","volume":"15","author":"Cardoso","year":"2022","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, P., Ma, M., Geng, X., and Zhang, J. (2025). Recent advances in small molecule LpxC inhibitors against gram-negative bacteria (2014\u20132024). Front. Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1541379"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xing, J., Han, R., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Nang, S.C., Zhai, Y., and Yuan, L. (2025). Revisiting therapeutic options against resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: Phage therapy is key. Microbiol. Res., 293.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128083"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volozhantsev, N.V., Makarova, M.A., Kartseva, A.S., Silkina, M.V., Krasilnikova, V.M., Denisenko, E.A., Borzilov, A.I., and Firstova, V.V. (2025). Immunomodulatory Effect of Phage Depolymerase Dep_kpv74 with Therapeutic Potential Against K2-Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14010044"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab015","article-title":"Cefiderocol: A novel siderophore cephalosporin for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections","volume":"76","author":"Parsels","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"CLSI (2021). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, CLSI. [31st ed.]. CLSI supplement M100."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9877-7_20","article-title":"PlasmidFinder and In Silico pMLST: Identification and Typing of Plasmid Replicons in Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS)","volume":"2075","author":"Carattoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown, C.L., Mullet, J., Hindi, F., Stoll, J.E., Gupta, S., Choi, M., Keenum, I., Vikesland, P., Pruden, A., and Zhang, L. (2022). mobileOG-db: A Manually Curated Database of Protein Families Mediating the Life Cycle of Bacterial Mobile Genetic Elements. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 88.","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00991-22"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neron, B., Littner, E., Haudiquet, M., Perrin, A., Cury, J., and Rocha, E.P.C. (2022). IntegronFinder 2.0: Identification and Analysis of Integrons across Bacteria, with a Focus on Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiella. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.02.28.482270"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W484","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad326","article-title":"Proksee: In-depth characterization and visualization of bacterial genomes","volume":"51","author":"Grant","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D690","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac920","article-title":"CARD 2023: Expanded curation, support for machine learning, and resistome prediction at the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database","volume":"51","author":"Alcock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W246","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky425","article-title":"CRISPRCasFinder, an update of CRISRFinder, includes a portable version, enhanced performance and integrates search for Cas proteins","volume":"46","author":"Couvin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx081","article-title":"Visualizing and comparing circular genomes using the CGView family of tools","volume":"20","author":"Stothard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S325","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab784","article-title":"Rapid Genomic Characterization and Global Surveillance of Klebsiella Using Pathogenwatch","volume":"73","author":"Argimon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Suleski, M., Sanderford, M., Sharma, S., and Tamura, K. (2024). MEGA12: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis Version 12 for Adaptive and Green Computing. Mol. Biol. Evol., 41.","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae263"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W242","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw290","article-title":"Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v3: An online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees","volume":"44","author":"Letunic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/16\/8047\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:31:55Z","timestamp":1760034715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/16\/8047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26168047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26168047","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]]}}}